<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.264013.1504</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75445_5fd9b763cf13d1a289c56529f45a0404.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>ارزیابی کاربرد کودهای آلی، شیمیایی، زیستی و اسیدهای آمینه بر صفات کمی و کیفی بابونه آلمانی ‏‏(‏Matricaria chamomilla L.‎‏) در برداشت‌های مختلف</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>میر سیدی</surname>
			            <given-names>سیده کانی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>نصیری</surname>
			            <given-names>یوسف</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مرشدلو</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد رضا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>خلیلی</surname>
			            <given-names>معروف</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز مهاباد</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>755</fpage>
			      <lpage>767</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>25</day>
			          <month>08</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>16</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75445.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75445.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر کاربرد اسیدهای ‌آمینه بر عملکرد و اسانس بابونه آلمانی در سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی، آلی وزیستی، آزمایشی در سال 1396 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد ­بررسی شامل کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی، ورمی­کمپوست، کود دامی، کود مرغی و میکوریزا به‌عنوان فاکتور اول و محلول­پاشی و عدم محلول­پاشی اسیدهای­آمینه به‌عنوان فاکتور دوم بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد گل در برداشت اول به­ترتیب در تیمارهای کود مرغی (4/225 گرم در مترمربع)، شیمیایی (6/204 گرم در متر مربع) و کود دامی (6/186 گرم در مترمربع) به‌دست آمد. در برداشت­های دوم، سوم، چهارم و کل تفاوت معنی‌داری بین کاربرد انواع کود مشاهده نشد. بیشترین درصد اسانس در برداشت‌های اول (92/0 درصد)، دوم (95/0 درصد) و برداشت کل (8/0 درصد) با کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست بدون تفاوت معنی‌دار با کود دامی و مرغی به­دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس کل در تیمارهای کود مرغی (6/4 گرم در مترمربع) و ورمی­کمپوست (41/4 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) به­دست آمد. کاربرد اسیدهای‌آمینه باعث افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد گل، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد بیولوژیکی نسبت به عدم کاربرد آنها در تمامی برداشت‌ها شد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>اسانس</kwd>
						<kwd>بابونه آلمانی</kwd>
						<kwd>عملکرد گل</kwd>
						<kwd>محرک زیستی</kwd>
						<kwd>میکوریزا</kwd>
						<kwd>ورمی‌کمپوست</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Adediran, J.A., Taiwo, L.B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R.A. &amp; Idowu, O.J. (2004). Application of organic and in-oganic fertilizers for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27, 1163-1181.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Adekiya, A.O. &amp; Agbede, T.M. (2009). Growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by poultry manure and NPK fertilizer. Emirates Journal of Food Agriculture, 21(1), 10-20.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Alcazar, R., Altabella, T., Marco, F., Bortolotti, C., Reymond, M., Koncz, C., Carrasco, P. &amp; Tiburcio, A.F. (2010). Polyamines: molecules with regulatory functions in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Planta, 231, 1237-1249.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Alizadeh, A., Majidi, A., Nadiyan, H., Nourmohammadi, Gh. &amp; Ameryan, M. (2007). The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation at different levels of irrigation and nitrogen on morphological and physiological characteristics of maize, Journal of Agricultural New Findings, 1(4), 309-320.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Al-Karaki, G.N. (2000). Growth of mycorrhizal tomato and mineral acquisition under salt stress. Mycorrhiza, 10, 51-54.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Al-Karaki, G.N. &amp; Hammad, R. (2010). Mycorrhizal influence on fruit yield and mineral content of tomato grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24(8), 1311-1323.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Al-Said, M.A. &amp; Kamal, A.M. (2008). Effect of foliar spray with folic acid and some amino acids on flowering yield and quality of sweet pepper. Journal of Agricultural Sciences Mansoura University, 33(10), 7403-7412.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A. &amp; Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36 (13-14), 1737-1746.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P. Welch, C. &amp; Metzger, J.D. (2004). Influence of vermicomposts on field strawberries: part 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93, 145-153.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Arazmjo, E., Heidari, M. &amp; Ghanbari, A. 2009. Effect of water stress and type of fertilizer on yield and quality of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 12 (2), 100-111. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Azizi, M., Rezvani, F., Hassanzadeh Khayyat, M., Lakzian, A. &amp; Nemati, H. (2008). Effect of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological traits and essential oil of german chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Goral variety. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(1), 82-93. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Blaise, D., Singh, J.V., Bonde, A.N., Tekale, K.U. &amp; Mayee, C.D. (2005). Effects of farmyard manure and fertilizers on yield, fiber quality and nutrient balance of rain fed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Bioresorce Technology,96, 345-349.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Boateng A., Zickermann, S.J. &amp; Kornahrens, M. (2006). Poultry manure effect on growth and yield of maize. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 9, 1-11.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Boras, M., Zidan, R. &amp; Halloum, W. (2011). Effect of amino acids on growth, production and quality of tomato in plastic greenhouse. Biological Sciences Series, 33 (5), 229-238.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Calvo, P., Nelson, L., Kloepper, J.W. (2014): Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383, 3-41.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Darzi, M.T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M. R. &amp; Rejali, F. (2012). Effects of cattle manure and plant growth promoter bacteria application on some morphological traits and yield in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28(3), 434-446. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Darzi, M.T., Hadjseyed Hadi, M.R. &amp; Atarpoor, R. (2016). Effects of different manure and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46(4), 4711-721. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Darzi, M. T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M. R. &amp; Rejali, F. (2013). Effects of vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in anise. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 29(3), 583-594.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Farahani, A. &amp; Madani, H. (2014). Evaluate the usefulness of humic acid organic matter in comparison to chemical fertilizer and manure and their combination in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). New Findings in Agriculture, 8(4), 323-337. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Faraji, M. &amp; Poursakhi, K. (2018). Effects of biological and organic fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Iranian borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 34(1), 50-61. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmed, A.A. &amp; Mahmoud, A.R. (2010). Effect of foliar application of urea and amino acids mixtures as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of squash. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 6(5), 583-588.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Fayazi, H., Abdalimashhadi, A.R., Kochakzadeh, A., Papzan, A.A. &amp; Arzanesh, M.H. (2014). Evaluation of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) medicinal plant response to the usage of organic and biological fertilizers. The Second National Conference of Medicinal Plants and Sustainable Agriculture, 21 August 2014, Hamedan p. 1-7. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Feng, G., Zhang, F.S., Li, X.L., Tian, C.Y. &amp; Rengel, Z. (2002). Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in root. Mycorrhiza, 12, 185-190.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Ghazi Manas, M., Banj Shafiee, S., Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. &amp; Darzi, M. T. (2013). Effects of vermicompost and nitrogen on quantitative and qualitative yeild of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(2), 269-280. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Gholami Sharafkhane, E., Jahan, M., Banayan Avval, M., Koocheki, A. &amp; Rezvani Moghaddam, P. (2015). The effect of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on yield, essential oil percentage and some agroecological characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) under Mashhad conditions. Agroecology, 7(2), 179-189.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Ghosh, P.K., Ramesh, P., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Tripathi, A.K., Hati, K.M., Misra, A.K. &amp; Acharya, C.L. (2004). Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisols of semi-arid tropics. I. Crop yields and system performance. Bioresource Technology, 95, 77-83.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Golzadeh, H., Mehrafarin, A., Naghdi Badi, H., Fazeli, F., Ghaderi, A. &amp; Zarincheh, N. (2012). Effects of bio-stimulants on quantitative and qualitative yield of German chamomile. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 1(41), 195-207. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Gupta, M.L., Prasad, A., Ram, M. &amp; Kumar, S. (2002). Effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology, 81, 77-79.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. &amp; Rezaee Ghale, H. (2016). Effects of vermicompost and foliar application of amino acids and urea on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(6), 1057-1070. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Ishizuka, J. (1992). Trends in biological nitrogen fixation research and application. Plant and Soil, 141, 197-209.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Kaplan, M., Kocabas, L., Sonmez, L. &amp; Kalkan, H. (2009). The effects of different organic manure applications on the dry weight and the essential oil quantity of sage (Salvia fruticosa mill). Acta Horticulturae, 826, 147-52.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Kapoor, R., Giri, B. &amp; Mukerji, K.G. (2001). Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82(4), 339-342</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Karuppaiah, P., Manivonnar, K., Sriramach Andrasakaron, M.V. &amp; Kuppusamy, G. (2000). Responses of cucumber to foliar application of nutrients on Lignite mine spoil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 49(1), 150-153.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Khalesro, Sh., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkan, F. &amp; Asgharzadeh, A. (2012). The effect of biological and organic inputs on quantity and quality of essential oil and some elements content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(4), 551-560. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Kheiry, A., Arghavani, M. &amp; Khastoo, M. (2016). Effects of organic fertilizers application on morphophysiological characteristics of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31 (6), 1047-157. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Koocheki, A. &amp; Sabet Teimori, M. (2012). Effect of irrigation intervals, type of fertilizers and harvesting time on essence content and yield of three medicinal plants: lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) in Mashhad Condition. Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 10 (3), 485-494. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Lakshmi Prabha, M., Indira, A.J., Jayraaj, R. &amp; Srinivasa Rao, D. (2007). Effect of vermicompost on growth parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology &amp; Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 321-326. </element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Liuc, J. &amp; Pank, B. (2005). Effect of vermicompost and fertility levels on growth and oil yield of Roman chamomile. Science Pharma, 46, 63-69.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Mahmoodi, M. &amp; Alizadeh, K. (2014). Effect of free amino acids on the yield quality and quantity of forage varieties Gole-Sefid (Vicia panonica) in rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Dry Farming, 2(2), 115-127. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Mehdikhani, H., Mahmood, S. &amp; Zeinali. H. (2013). Study of genetic diversity in chamomile landraces (Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch. Bip.) using random and semi-random primers. Journal of Crop Breeding, 5, 69-82.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Minaee, P., Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R., Darzi, M. T. &amp; Shahsavar, A. M. (2013). Effects of nitrogen fixing bacteria and amino acids spraying on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna radiata). Annals of Biological Research, 4(8), 265-269.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Mollafilabi, A., Khorramde, S., Siahmarguee, A. &amp; Shourideh, H. (2014). Plant density and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield and qualitative characteristics of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under Torbat-e-Jam climatic conditions. Journal of Plant Production, 20 (4), 83-100. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Moradi, R., Nasiri Mahallati, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Lakzian, A. &amp; Nejad Ali, A. (2011). The effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Horticultural Science, 25(1), 25-33.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Naghdi Badi, H., Labbafi, M.R., Qavami, N., Qaderi, A., Abdossi, V., Agharebparast, M.R. &amp; Mehrafarin, A. (2015). Responses of quality and quantity yield of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) to foliar application of bio-stimulator based on amino acids and methanol. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 54 (2), 146-158. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Omidbeigi, R. (2008). Production and processing of medicinal plants (V.2). Astan Qods Razavi Publications, Mashhad, 397pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Pirkhezri, M., Hassani, M.E. &amp; Hadian, J. (2010). Genetic diversity in different populations of Matricaria chamomilla L. growing in Southwest of Iran, based on morphological and RAPD markers. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 4(1), 1-13.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Popko, M., Michalak, I., Wilk, R., Gramza, M., Chojnacka, K. &amp; Górecki, H. (2018). Effect of the new plant growth biostimulants based on amino acids on yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Molecules, 23, 470, 1-13.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Radkowski, A. &amp; Radkowski, I. (2018). Influence of foliar fertilization with amino acid preparations on morphological traits and seed yield of timothy. Plant Soil Environment, 64(5), 209-213.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Rahmanian, M., Esmaielpour, B., Hadian, J Shahriari, MH. &amp; Fatemi, H. (2017). The effect of organic fertilizers on morphological traits, essential oil content and components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 72(3), 103-118. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Rezakhani, A. &amp; Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. (2017). Effect of manure and foliar application of amino acids on growth characteristics, seed yield and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 48(3), 777-786. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Seyedi, S. &amp; Azad, M. (2015). The effect of organic and biological fertilzers on yield and yield components of black seed (Nigella sativa L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (4), 567-57. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation>Ruiz-Sánchez, M., Geada, D., Muñoz Hernández, Y., Martínez, A., Santana, Y., Benítez, M., Aroca, R. &amp; Ruiz- Loza-no, J. (2015). Mycorrhizae arbuscular symbiosis in rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) under water stress. Part II: Biochemical response. Cultivos Tropicales, 36, 88-95.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R53">
			<label>53</label>
			<element-citation>Razouk, R. &amp; Kajji, A. (2015). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on water relations and growth of young plum trees under severe water wtress conditions. International Journal of Plant &amp; Soil Science, 5(5), 300-312.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R54">
			<label>54</label>
			<element-citation>Saburi, M., Haj Seyed Hadi, M.R. &amp; Darzi, M.T. (2014). Effects of amino acids and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantitative yield and essential oil content of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agricultural Science Developments, 3(8), 265-268.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R55">
			<label>55</label>
			<element-citation>Saedi, F., Mosavi Nik, S.M. &amp; Rahimian, A.R. (2017). Effects of different fertilizers on the morphophysiological characteristics of chicory under drought stress. Journal of Crops Improvement (Journal of Agriculture), 19(1), 119-132. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R56">
			<label>56</label>
			<element-citation>Sajadinic, R., Yadavy, A.R., Baluchi, H.R. &amp; Faraji, H. (2011). The effect of chemical fertilizers (urea), organic (vermicompost) and biological (Nitroksin) on the yield and quality of sesame. Journal of Sustain Agriculture Prodaction Science, 21(2), 87-101. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R57">
			<label>57</label>
			<element-citation>Salehi, A., Ghalavand, F., Asgharzade, A. &amp; Saeedi, K. (2016). Effects of zeolite, bio and organic fertilizers application on the growth, yield and yield components of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in organic cultivation. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32 (2), 203-215. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R58">
			<label>58</label>
			<element-citation>Scherer, E.E., Agostini, V.J., Wildner, L.P., Nadal, R., Sivestro, M. &amp; Sorrenson, W.J. (1991). Poultry manure and nitrogen for maize on small farms. Agropecuaria Catarinense, 4, 8-11.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R59">
			<label>59</label>
			<element-citation>Smith, S. E. &amp; Read, D. J. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis (3th Ed.). Academic Press, London, UK.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R60">
			<label>60</label>
			<element-citation>Thomas, J., Mandal, A.K.A., Raj Kumar, R. &amp; Murugan, A.C. (2009). Role of biologically active amino acid formulations on quality and crop productivity of tea (Camellia sp.). International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(7), 228-36.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R61">
			<label>61</label>
			<element-citation>Vojodi Mehrabani, L., Hassanpour Aghdam, M.B., Ebrahimzadeh, A. &amp; Valizadeh Kamran R. (2018). The effects of organic fertilizers and cover beds on yield and some hysiological traits of Calendula officinalis L. treated with brown algae extract foliar application. Journal of plant Ecophysiology, 10 (33), 212-221. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R62">
			<label>62</label>
			<element-citation>Vojodi Mehrabani L., Valizadeh Kamran R. &amp; Hassanpouraghdam, M.B. (2017). The effects of relative substitution of organic fertilizers on elementes content, some physiological traits and yield of Lepidium sativum L. Agricultural Sciences and Sustainable Production, 27(3), 63-732. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R63">
			<label>63</label>
			<element-citation>65. Yanga, L., Zhaoa, F., Changa, Q., Li, T. &amp; Li, F. (2015). Effects of vermicomposts on tomato yield and quality and soil fertility in greenhouse under different soil water regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 160, 98-105.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R64">
			<label>64</label>
			<element-citation>Yunsheng, L., El-Bassiony, A.M., El-Awadi, M.E. &amp; Fawzy, Z. (2015). Effect of foliar spray of asparagine on growth, yield and quality of two snap bean varieties. Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal, 1(3), 88-94. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.263247.1491</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75446_7d360bb7bbef326a6e0beda6205fbaa4.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مطالعه شاخص‌های زراعی- اقلیمی در مراحل فنولوژی و عملکرد رقم‌های جدید سیب‌زمینی در کشت ‏زمستانه</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>دارابی</surname>
			            <given-names>عبدالستار</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>769</fpage>
			      <lpage>778</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>03</day>
			          <month>08</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>04</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75446.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75446.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به منظور مطالعه شاخص­های زراعی- اقلیمی در مراحل فنولوژی و عملکرد رقم‌های جدید سیب­زمینی در کشت زمستانه، آزمایشی به‏‌‏صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی شامل 11 تیمار در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد در مرحله حجیم‏‌‏شدن غده­ها بیشترین درجه روز رشد و واحد هلیو ترمال (به­ترتیب97/ 1003 واحد و90/7301 ساعت در درجه روز رشد) متعلق به رقم سانته بود. بیشترین شاخص فتوترمال در کلیه رقم‌ها در مرحله حجیم‏‌‏شدن غده مشاهده گردید. ارزیابی روابط همبستگی مشخص نمود در مرحله حجیم‏‌‏شدن غده­ها بین عملکرد و درجه روز رشد همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری (387/0=r) وجود داشت. حداکثر ارتفاع بوته (90/67 سانتی­متر) و حداقل روز تا پوشش نهایی مزرعه (33/71) به رقم ساوالان مربوط بود. رقم ساوالان حداکثر عملکرد (28/34 تن در هکتار)، کارآیی مصرف حرارت (95/18 کیلوگرم در هکتار در درجه روز رشد) و کارایی مصرف واحد هلیوترمال (06/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار در ساعت در درجه روز رشد) را به خود اختصاص داد. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش برای کشت زمستانه سیب­زمینی در بهبهان رقم‌های ساوالان، اوتاوا، جلی، جورجینا و بانبا توصیه می­شوند.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>درجه روز رشد</kwd>
						<kwd>شاخص فتوترمال</kwd>
						<kwd>غده‌زایی</kwd>
						<kwd>واحد هلیو ترمال</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Agricultural, Food and Rural Development Department .(2005). Botany of the potato plant. from http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca.$department/deptdosc.nsf/all//opp9547.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Amrawat, T., Solanki, N. S., Sharma, S. K., Jajoria, D. K. &amp; Dotaniya, M. L. (2013). Phenology growth and yield of wheat relation to agro-meteorological indices under different sowing date. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8 (49), 6366-6374.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Anonymus. (2017). Agricultural statistics, first volume-horticultural and field crop, 2015-2016. Ministry of Jihad-e- Agriculture, Programing and Economic Deputy, Statistics and Information Technology Office. pp. 68. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Birch, P. R., Bryan, G., Fenton, B., Gilroy, E. M., Hein, I., Jones, J. T., Prashar, A.,Taylor, M. A., Torrance, L. &amp; Toth, I. K. (2012). Crops that feed the world 8: Potato: are the trends of increased global production sustainable? Food Security, 4 (4), 477-508.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Darabi, A. (2007). Effects of planting density and harvesting date on yield and yield components of some potato cultivars in Behbahan. Seed and Plant 23 (2), 233-244. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Darabi, A. (2013). Effect of planting date on total and marketable yield of potato cultivars in Khuzestan province in Iran. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 29-2 (3), 369-386. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Darabi, A. (2017). Study on the agro-meteorological indices at different phenological stages and growth analysis of new potato genotypes. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 18 (3), 271-286. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Darabi, A. &amp; Eftekhari, S. A. (2014). Investigation the phenology stages and some growth indices of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. The Plant Production Agronomy, Breeding and Horticulture (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 37 (2), 51-67. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Ewing, E. E. &amp; Struik, P. C. (1992). Tuber formation in potato: induction, initiation and growth. Horticultural Reviews, 14, 89-98.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Friedman, M. (1997). Chemistry, biochemistry and dietary role of potato polyphenols. A review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45, (5), 1523-1540.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Gatachew, T., Belew, D. &amp; Tulu, S. (2012). Yield and growth parameters of potato (Solanum tubersum L.) as influenced by intra row spacing and time of earthing up: In Boneya Degem District, Central Highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Reasearch, 7, 255-265</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Grijesh, G. K., Kumara Swamy, A. S., Sridhara, S., Dinish Kumar, M., Vageesh, T. S. &amp; Nataraju, S.P. (2011). Heat use efficiency and helio thermal units of maize genotypes as influenced by date of sowing under Southern transitional zone of Karanatak state. International Journal of Science and Nature, 2 (3), 529-533.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Hassanpanah, D., Hossienzaded, A. A. &amp; Allahyari, N. (2009). Evaluation of planting date effect on Savalan and Agria potato cultivars in Ardabil region. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 27(3 and 4), 525- 528.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Jones, J. W., Hogenboom, G., Porter, C. H., Bootee, K. J., Batchlore, W. D., Haunt, L. A., Wilkens, P. W., Singh, U., Gijman, A. &amp; Ritchie, J. T. (2003). The DSSAT cropping system Model. European Journal of Agronomy, 18, 235-265.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Kazemi, M., Hassanabadi, H. &amp; Tavakoli, H. (2011). Potato production management. Nashr-e-Amozesh and Tarvij Keshavarzi. Tehran. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>KleinKopf, G. E., Brandt, T. L. &amp; Olsen, N. (2003). Physiology of tuber bulking. In: Proceedings of Idaho Potato Conference, 23-Jan., Idaho, USA, p.4.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Kolasa, K. (1993). The potato and human nutrition. American Potato Journal, 70 (5), 375-384.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Kumar, N., Kumar, S., Main, A. S. &amp; Royo, S. (2014). Thermal indices to crop phenology of wheat (Triticumae stivum L.) and urd (Vignamungo hepper L.) at Taria region of Uttarkhand. Mausam, 65(2), 215-218.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Lambert, E. D. S., Pinoto, C. A. B. P. &amp; Meneze, C. B. D. (2006). Potato improvement for tropical conditions: I. Analysis of stability. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 6, 129-135.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Levy, D. &amp; Veilleux, R. E. (2007). Adaptation of potato to high temperature and salinity-a review. American Journal of Potato Research, 84 (6), 486-506.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Maji, S., Bhowmick, M., Chakraborty, P., Jena, S., Dutta, S. K., Nath, R., Bandyopahyay, P. &amp; Chakraborty, P. K. (2014). Impact of agro-meteorological on growth and productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Eastern India. Journal of Crop and Weed, 10 (2), 193-189.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Mihovilovich, E., Carli, C., de Mendiburu, F., Hualla, V. &amp; Bonierbale, M. (2009). Protocol tuber bulking maturity assessment of elite and advanced potato clones. International Potato Center. 18 pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Moorby, J. &amp; Milthorpe. F. L. (1975). Potato. In: L.T. Evans (Ed), Crop physiology: Some case histories. (pp. 225-257) Cambridge University Press, London.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Mote, B. M., Kumar, M. &amp; Ban. Y. C. (2015). Agro-meteorological indices of rice cultivars under different environmental at Navsari (Gujrat), India. Plant Archives, 15 (2), 913-917.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>O'brien, P. J., Allen, E. J. &amp; Firman, D. M. (1998). A review of some studies into tuber initiation in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 130, 251-270.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Parvizi, K., Souri, J. &amp; Mahmoodi, R. (2011). Evaluation of cultivation date on yield and amount of tuber disorders of potato cultivars in Hamadan province. Journal of Horticultural Science, 25(1), 82-93. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Rezaee, A. &amp; Soltani, A. (1996). Introduction to potato production. Jehad-e-Daneshgahi Mashhad Publication, Mashhad. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Rao, V. U. M., Singh, D. &amp; Singh, R. (1999). Heat use efficiency of winter crop in Haryana. Journal of Agrometeorology, 1 (2), 143-148.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Singh, M. P., Lallu, K. R. &amp; Sign, N. B. (2014).Thermal requirement of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) at different phonological stages under late sown condition. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19 (3), 238-243.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Sreeniavas, G., Devender Redady, M. &amp; Raji Redady, D. (2010). Agro-meteorological indices in relation to phenology of aerobic rice. Journal of Agrometeorological, 12 (2), 241-244.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Tibbitts, T. W., Cao, W. &amp; Bennett, S. M. (1992). Utilization of potato plant for life support in space. V. Evaluation of cultivars in response to continuse light and high temperature. American Potato Journal, 69, 229-237.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Waglay, A., Karboune, S. &amp; Alli, I. (2014). Potato protein isolates: recovery and characterization of their properties. Food Chemistry, 142, 373-382</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Worthington, C. M. &amp; Hutchinson, C. M. (2005). Accumulated growing degree days as a model to determine key developmental stages and evaluate yield and quality of potato in Northeast Florida. In: Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 118, 98-101. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.264234.1505</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75447_8583d718353c21ce9e21a54a3f93b39d.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مناسب‌ترین میزان مصرف آب در درخت لیموترش (‏Citrus aurantifolia‏) به روش آبیاری قطره‌ای ‏در شهرستان میناب</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>کرمی</surname>
			            <given-names>یعقوبعلی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>‏ مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات خاک وآب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش ‏و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>779</fpage>
			      <lpage>790</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>04</day>
			          <month>09</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75447.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75447.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور تعیین مناسب‌ترین میزان مصرف آب در درخت لیمو‌ترش (Citrus aurantifolia) پژوهشی سه ساله در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی از سال 1385 تا 1387 به‌روش آبیاری قطره‌ای در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی شهرستان میناب اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل چهار مقدار مصرف آب: I1 (مصرف آب آبیاری به­میزان 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه)، I2(I1 25% + تیمار اول)، I3(I1 25% - تیمار اول) و I4(I1 50% - تیمار اول) در سه تکرار بودند. نیاز آبی گیاه به­روش FAO-56 محاسبه و با دور یک روز در میان اعمال شد. بر اساس نتایج، با افزایش مقدار مصرف آب، عملکرد افزایش یافت. بین تیمارهای آبیاری تفاوت معنی‌داری از لحاظ عملکرد (01/0P≤) و بهره‌وری مصرف آب (05/0P≤) مشاهده شد. به‌نظر می‌رسد در سال‌های طبیعی (بدون مشکل کمبود آب) تیمارI2  به‌دلیل بالاترین عملکرد (kg/ha 6709) و در صورت وجود خشکسالی، تیمار I4 به­دلیل مصرف آب کمتر (حدوداٌ نصف تیمار I1) و بالاترین بهره‌‌وری مصرف آب (kg/m3 73/0)، جهت صرفه‌جویی مصرف آب، گزینه مناسبی است. همچنین بر اساس نتایج، مقدار آب مصرفی این گیاه در منطقه میناب، از مقدار محاسبه شده توسط مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب 22 درصد بیشتر به‌دست آمد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>بهره‌وری مصرف آب</kwd>
						<kwd>عملکرد</kwd>
						<kwd>لیمو‌ترش‏</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Ahmadi, K., Gholizadeh, H. A., Ebadzadeh, H. R., Hatami, F., Hosainpoor, R., Kazemifard, R. &amp; Abdeshah, H. (2016). Agriculture Economic Aspects. Iran Statistics Horticultural Products. Results of the survey of the sample of garden products. Iran. Ministry of Jahad Agriculture. Deputy of Planning and Economic. Center of Information and Communication Technology. From: http://amar.maj.ir.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Aini Nargese, H., Dayhimfard, R., Soufizadeh, S., Haghighat, M. &amp; Noori, O. (2015). Prediction of climate change effects on wheat yield of Fars province using APSIM model. Crops Production. 8(4), 203-224. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Alibeygi, B., Soltany, F. &amp; Kalantary, S. (2016). Effect of different irrigation regimes on quality and shelf life of half fresh cut watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. Crimson Sweet). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 49(1), 117-131. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Alizadeh, A. (2004). Soil water plant Relationship. (4th ed.). Astan Quds Razavi Press. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Andrea, V., Nadia, N., Teresa, R. M., &amp; Andrea, A. (2003). Analysis of some Italian lemon liquors (Limoncello). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(17), 4978-4983.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Archer, E. &amp; Strauss, H. C. (1989). Effect of shading on the performance of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. South African Journal of Enology and Viticultural, 10(2), 74-76.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Bremner, J. M. (1965). Total nitrogen. In: J. M. Bigham (Ed), Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. (pp.1149-1178.) Soil Science Society of America, Inc. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Carter, M. R. &amp; Gregorich, E. G. (2006). Soil sampling and methods of analysis.Canadian Society of Science. Lewis Publisher. Raton. Florida. USA.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Castel, J. R. &amp; Buj, A. (1990). Response of Salustiana oranges to high frequency deficit irrigation. Irrigation Science, 11(2), 121-127.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Chapman, H. D. &amp; Pratt, P. F. (1961). Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University California Press, Riverside.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Daneshnia, A. A. (1983). Investigation of the most suitable interval and depth of drip irrigation and depth on lemon. In: Proceedings of the Tonekabon Citrus Seminar, 3-4 Jul., Tonekabon, Iran, pp 373-385. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Daneshnia, A. A. (1994). The role of potassium in reducing the water consumption of citrus. Proceedings of the 4th Iranian Soil Science Congress, 29-31 Aug., Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, pp 153-154 (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Donyavian, H. R. (2011). Investigating of the relationship between climatic factors and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sixth Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. 11-12 March, Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Branch, Iran, pp 1-4. (in Farsi)  </element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Doorenbos, J. &amp; Kassam, A. H. (1979). Yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper, (33), 257.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Fahimi, A. A. (1963). Minab semi-detailed soil report. Soil and Water Research Institute. 73. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Food and Agriculture Organization. (2015). Faostat-database. From: http:// www. F. A. O. org.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Farshi, A. A., Shariati, M. R., Jarolahi, R., Ghaemi, M. R., Shahabifar, M. &amp; Tavalai, M. M. (1997). Estimated water requirements for major crop and garden plants in the country. Volume II. Garden plants. (1st ed.). Karaj Agricultural Education Publishing. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Fotohi Ghazvini, R. O. &amp; Fatahi Moghadam, J. (2016). Breeding citrus in Iran. (4th ed.). Gilan University Press. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>García Sánchez, F., Syvertsen, J. P., Gimeno, V., Botía, P. &amp; Perez-Perez, J. G. (2007). Responses to flooding and drought stress by two citrus rootstock seedlings with different water use efficiency. Physiologia Plantarum, 130(4), 532-542.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Gee, G. W. &amp; Bauder, J. W. (2002). In: H. D. Jacob &amp; G. Clarke Topp, (Eds), Methods of soil analysis. Physical methods. Part 4. Particle size analysis. (pp. 201-214.) Soil Science Society of America. Madison. WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Geerts, S. &amp; Raes, D. (2009). Deficit irrigation as an on-farm strategy to maximize crop water productivity in dry areas. Agricultural Water Management, 96(9), 1275-1284.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Ghasemi, K., Ghasemi, Y. &amp; Ebrahimzadeh, M. A. (2009). Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of 13 citrus species peels and tissues. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(3), 277-281.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Gelly, M., Recasens, I., Girona, J., Mata, M., Arbones, A., Rufat, J. &amp; Marsal, J. (2004). Effects of stage II and postharvest deficit irrigation on peach quality during maturation and after cold storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84(6), 561-568.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Gutierrez, M. V., Harrington, R. A., Meinzer, F. C. &amp; Fownes, J. H. (1994). The effect of environmentally induced stem temperature gradients on transpiration estimates from the heat balance method in two tropical woody species. Tree Physiology, 14(2), 179-190.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Haghighi, B., Boroumand, S. &amp; Naseri, A. (2015). The effect of different irrigation managements in farrow and drip irrigation technique on potato yield and water productivity. Water Research Journal in Agriculture, 29(2). (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Hatfield, J. L. (1995). Soil and water quality: An agenda for agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 28(2), 179-180.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Howell Furman, N. (1962). Standard methods of chemical analysis. Science, 137, 121-122.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Iglesias, D. J., Cercós, M., Colmenero-Flores, J. M., Naranjo, M. A., Ríos, G., Carrera, E. &amp; Talon, M. (2007). Physiology of citrus fruiting. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19(4), 333-362.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Iniesta, F., Testi, L., Orgaz, F. &amp; Villalobos, F. J. (2009). The effects of regulated and continuous deficit irrigation on the water use, growth and yield of olive trees. European Journal of Agronomy, 30(4), 258-265.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Jaihooni, M. (2011). Principles of citrus nutrition of Iran. New Product Agricultural Company, (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Jalili Marandi, R. (2011). Fruit planting. (2nd ed.) Jahad Daneshgahi Press. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Khalid, M. S., Malik, A. U., Khan, A. S., Saleem, B. A., Amin, M., Malik, O. H. &amp; Rehman, A. (2018). Geographical location and agro-ecological conditions influence kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis× Citrus deliciosa) fruit quality. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology, 20(3), 647-654.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Lodolini, E. M., Polverigiani, S., Ali, S., Mutawea, M., Qutub, M., Pierini, F. &amp; Neri, D. (2016). Effect of complementary irrigation on yield components and alternate bearing of a traditional olive orchard in semi-arid conditions. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(2), 1-10.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>McLean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement. In: A. Klute, (Ed), Methods of soil analysis: chemical and microbiological properties, part 2. (2nd ed.), (pp.199-224), Madison WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Monselise, S. P. &amp; Goldschmidt, E. E. (1982). Alternate bearing in fruit trees. Horticultural Review, 4(1), 128-173.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Morgan, K. T., Obreza, T. A., Scholberg, J. M. S., Parsons, L. R. &amp; Wheaton, T. A. (2006). Citrus water uptake dynamics on a sandy Florida Entisol. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(1), 90-97.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Morsali, E., Heydari, N., Zare, A. &amp; Hatami, H. R. (2017). Investigating of the role of processes in promoting agricultural water productivity in Iran. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, B, (2), 163-180. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Nagaz, K., El Mokh, F., Ben Hassen, N., Masmoudi, M. M., Ben Mechlia, N., Baba Sy, M. O., &amp; Ghiglieri, G. (2017). Impact of deficit irrigation on yield and fruit quality of orange trees (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck, CV. Meski Maltaise) in Southern Tunisia. Irrigation and Drainage. From: wileyonlinelibrary.com.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Olsen, S. R. &amp; Sommers, L. E. (1982). In: Klute, A. (Ed), Methods of soil Analysis: Chemical and microbiological Properties, part 2. (2nd ed.) (pp-297-234.). Agron. Monogr, 9, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Parhizkari, A. Mozaffari, M. M. &amp; Hoseini Khodadadi, M. (2015). Econemic analysis of climate change on yield of irrigated wheat in Shahrood watershed. Agricultural and Natural Resources journal, (18), 88-100. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Pérez Pastor, A., Ruiz Sánchez, M. C., Martínez, J. A., Nortes, P. A., Artés, F. &amp; Domingo, R. (2007). Effect of deficit irrigation on apricot fruit quality at harvest and during storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87(13), 2409-2415.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Rastegar, H., Daneshnia, A. A., Shahrokhnia, A. &amp; Mehdizadeh, U. (1993). Effect of different nitrogen and irrigation water on growth and chemical composition of sweet lime using drop irrigation in Jahrom. (Final report. 72/143). Soil and Water Research Institute. 43. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Ruiz Sánchez, M. C., Domingo Miguel, R. &amp; Castel Sanchez, J. R. (2010). Deficit irrigation in fruit trees and vines in Spain. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(S2), S5-S20.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Santos, F. L. (2018). Olive water use, crop coefficient, yield, and water productivity under two deficit irrigation strategies. Agronomy, 8(6), 1-17.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Tandon, H. L. S. (1998). Method of analysis of soil. Plant. Waters and Fertilizer. Development and Consultation Organization, New Delhi. India. 144p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Tognetti, R., d’Andria, R., Lavini, A. &amp; Morelli, G. (2006). The effect of deficit irrigation on crop yield and vegetative development of Olea European L. (cvs. Frantoio and Leccino). European Journal of Agronomy, 25(4), 356-364.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Torrecillas, A., Domingo, R., Galego, R. &amp; Ruiz-Sánchez, M. C. (2000). Apricot tree response to with holding irrigation at different phenological periods. Scientia Horticulturae,85(3), 201-215.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Tuong, T. P. (2000). Productive water use in rice production: opportunities and imitations. Journal of Crop Production, 2(2), 241-264.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Upadhyay, R. K., Divividi, P. &amp; Ahmad, S. (2010). Screening of antibacterial activity of six plant essential oils against pathogenic bacterial strains. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(3), 152- 158.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Zamani, A., Mortazavi, A. &amp; Balali, H. (2014). Investigation of water productivity in different crop products in Dasht Bahar, Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28(1), 51-61. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Zwart, S. J. &amp; Bastiaanssen, W. G. (2004). Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton and maize. Agricultural Water Management, 69(2), 115-133.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation> _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.262009.1478</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75449_c0b90505e1f2f42325cc84ed319dcf29.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>ارزیابی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی ریحان (‏Ocimum basilicum L.‎‏) در واکنش ‏به اسید فولویک و کود کامل (‏NPK‏)‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>امینی فرد</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد حسین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند  ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>عسگریان</surname>
			            <given-names>محبوبه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند  ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>خیاط</surname>
			            <given-names>مهدی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند  ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>جهانی</surname>
			            <given-names>مهدی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند  ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>791</fpage>
			      <lpage>802</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>17</day>
			          <month>07</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75449.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75449.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به­منظور بررسی تأثیر اسید فولویک و کود کامل NPK بر فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و صفات بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد ریحان، آزمایشی به‏‌‏صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین آنتوسیانین (71/1میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن خشک) با کاربرد کود کامل NPK با غلظت 6 در هزار و کمترین (43/1 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن خشک) در تیمار شاهد به‏‌‏دست آمد. بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (6/78 درصد) از تیمار 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسیدفولویک و کمترین آن (6/70 درصد) در تیمار شاهد (عدم کوددهیاسید فولویک و کود کامل (NPK) به‏‌‏دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین آنتوسیانین (74/1 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن تر)، کلروفیلb (52/1 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن تر) و کلروفیل کل (99/2 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن تر) با کاربرد کود کاملNPK با غلظت 3 در هزار و اسید فولویک 10کیلوگرم در هکتار به‏‌‏دست آمد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک (29/2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و وزن خشک بوته (8/483 گرم در متر مربع)، در تیمار مصرف همزمان 6 در هزارکود کامل و10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و کمترین آنها (44/1کیلوگرم در متر مربع و 5/259 گرم در متر مربع)، در شاهد(عدم کوددهیاسید فولویک و کود کامل (NPK)‌ مشاهده شد.به‌طور‌کلی، نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت کود کامل و اسید فولویک بر عملکرد و صفات بیوشیمیایی ریحان بود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>ریحان</kwd>
						<kwd>فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی</kwd>
						<kwd>گیاه دارویی</kwd>
						<kwd>وزن خشک بوته‏</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Aghaei, M., Hosni, A. &amp; Darvishzadeh, R. (2014). Phenotypic density of total phenol and antioxidant capacity of Iranian basil native populations. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Herbs Research, 2, 283-291. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Akbarpour, V., Akhnarour, M. &amp; Behnamar, M.A. (2016). Effect of manure and chemical fertilizer on some physiological and phytochemical characteristics of Sarkhargel. Journal of Agricultural Agriculture, 18 (3), 701-711. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Akraminejad, O., Safari, M. &amp; Abdolshahi, R. (2015). Investigating the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil of two native saltines under normal conditions and drought stress in Kerman region. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research, 13 (4), 686-675. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Alizadeh, A., Khoshkhui, M., Javidnia, K., Firuzi, O.R., Tafazoli, E. &amp; Khalighi, A. (2010). Effects of fertilizer on yield, essential oil composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Satureja hortensis L. cultivated in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(1), 33-40.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Amiri, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. &amp; World, M. (2017). Effects of organic acids, mycorrhiza and rhizobacteria on the performance and some phytochemical characteristics of Iranian bullfighters in low farming system. Journal of Agricultural Knowledge and Sustainable Production, (1), 61-47.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Arabaci, D. &amp; Bayram, E. )2004(. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and different plant densities on some agronomic and technologic characteristic of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agronomy, 3(4), 255-262.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Arzmjoo, E., Heydari, M., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B.A. &amp; Ahmadian, A. (2010). Effect of three types of fertilizer on essential oil content, photosynthetic pigments and osmotic regulators in chamomile under drought stress. Journal of Environmental Tensions in Crop Sciences, 3 (1), 23-33.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Arnon, A.N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23,112-121.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Asemi, D.K. Hong, Y.J., Barrett, D.M. &amp; Mitchell, A.E. (2003). Comparison of the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content of freeze-dried and dirdried marionberry, strawberry, and corn grown using conventional, organic, and sustainable agricultural practices. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 51, 1237-1241.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Atiyeh, M., Lee, S., Edwards, A., Arancon, Q. &amp; Metzger, J. (2002). The influence of humic acid derived from earthworm-processed organic waste on plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 8, 7-14.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>BoyeridahSheikh, P., Mahmudi Surstani, M., Zolfaghari, M. &amp; Enayati Zamir, N. (2017). Study of the effects of biomass, chemical, and humic acid on vegetative, physiological, and essential oil levels of cat peppermint. Journal of Plant Production Research, 24(2), 61-76. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Boudet, A.M. (2007). Evolution and current status of research in phenolic compounds. Journal of Photochemistry, 86, 74 -77.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Chuah, A.M., Lee, Y.C., Yamaguchi, T., Takamura, H., Yin, L.J. &amp; Matoba, T. (2008). Effect of cooking on the antioxidant properties of colored peppers. Food Chemistry, 111, 20-28.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Davies, D.D. (1982). Physiological aspect of protein turn over. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology- New Series, 14.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Donghong, W., Qinghua, S., Xiufeng, W., Min, W., Jinyu, H., Jun, L. &amp; Fengjuan, Y. (2010). Influence of cow manure vermicompost on the growth, metabolite contents, and antioxidant activities of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46,689-696.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Griffe, P., Metha, S. &amp; Shankar, D. (2003). Organic production of medicinal, aromatic and dye yielding plants (MADPs): forward, preface and introduction. Food and Agriculture Organization, 2, 52-63.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Ghadiri, H. &amp; Majidian, M. (2004). Effect of nitrogen levels and irrigation in early stages and grain drying on yield and yield components and water use efficiency in corn. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 2,113.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Harbone, J.B., &amp; M. Dey. (1997). Plant biochemistry. Academic Press, New York, United State.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Haghirossadat, F., Bernard, F., Kalantar, M., Sheikhha, M. &amp; Hokmollahi Azimzadeh, M. )2010). Bunium persicum (Black Caraway) of Yazd province: chemical assessment and evaluation of its antioxidant effects. Journal of Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 18(3), 284-291. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Hassanpour Aghdam, M.B., Tabatabaie, S.J., Nazemiyeh, H. &amp; Aflatuni. A. (2008). N and K nutrition levels affect growth and essential oil content of costmary (Tanacetum balsamita L.). Food Agriculture and Environment, 6(2), 150-159.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Hargreaves, J.C., Adl, M.S. &amp; Warman, P.R. (2009). The effects of municipal solid waste compost and compost tea on mineral element uptake and fruit quality of strawberries. Compost Science and Utilization, 17(2), 85-94.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Hussein, M.E., Abou El Hassan, S. &amp; Shahein, M.M. (2015). Effect of humic, fulvic acid and calcium foliar application on growth and yield of tomato plants. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(1), 132-140.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Ibrahim, M.H., Jaafar, H.Z., Karimi, E. &amp; Ghasemzadeh, A. (2013). Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of kacip Fatimah. Molecules, 18, 10973-10988.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Khalilidarini, K., Armin, M. &amp; Marvi, H. (2014). The effect of the amount and frequency of complete fertilizer foliar application on quantitative and qualitative yield of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Crop Science Research Dry Land, 1(1), 85-100. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Khan, A., Guramni, A.R. Khan, M.Z., Hussain, F., Akhtar, M.E. &amp; Khan, S. (2012). Effect of humic acid on growth, yield, nutrient composition, photosynthetic pigment and total sugar contents of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan, 6, 56-63.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Kutchan, T. M. (2001). Ecological arsenal and development dispatcher. The paradigm of secondary metabolism. Plant Physiology, 125, 58-60.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>McKey, D. (1979). The distribution of secondary compounds within plants. In: G.A., Rosenthal &amp; D.H., Janzen (Eds) Herbivores: their interaction with secondary plant metabolites. (pp.55-133). Academic Press, New York.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Moradi, S. (2015). Impact of sheep manure, urea and triple superphosphate on onion morphological properties. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 4(2), 167-170.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Muller, V., Lankes, C., Zimmermann, B.F., Noga, G. &amp; Hunsche, M.(2013).Centelloside accumulation in leaves of Centella asiatica is determined byresource partitioning between primary and secondary metabolism while influenced bysupply levels of either nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium.Journal of Plant Physiology, 170 (13), 1165-1175.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Mocready, M., Guggolz, J., Silviera, V. &amp; Owens, H.S. (1950). Determination of starch and amylose in vegetables. Application to peas. Analytical Chemistry, 22, 1156-1158.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Nguyen, P.H.M., Kwee, E.M. &amp; Niemeyer, E.D. (2010). Potassium rate alters the antioxidant capacity and phenolic concentration of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 123(4), 1235-1241.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Nguyen, P.M. &amp; Niemeyer, E.D. (2008). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 8685-8691.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Niakan, M., Khavarynejad, R.A. &amp; Rezaee, M.B. (2004). Effect of different rates of NPK fertilizer on leaf fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area and oil content in Mentha piperita L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 20(2), 131-148. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Omidbaigi, R. &amp; Nobakht, A. (2001). Nitrogen fertilizer affecting growth, seed yield and active substances of milk thistle. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 4, 1345-1349.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Omidbaigi, R. (2005). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Behnashr Publications. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Piromyou, P., Buranabanyat, B., Tantasawat, P., Tittabutr, P., Boonkerd, N. &amp; Teaumroong, N. (2014). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation on microbial community structure in rhizosphere of forage corn cultivated inThailand. European Journal of Soil Biology, 47, 44-54.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Rimmer, D.L. (2006). Free radicals, antioxidants, and soil organic matter recalcitrance. European Journal of Soil Science, 57, 91- 94.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Remon, S., Ferrer, A., Marquina, P., Burgos, J. &amp; Oria, R. (2000). Use of modified atmospheres to prolong the postharvest life of burlat cherries at two different degrees of ripeness. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80(10), 1552-1545.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Ruan, J., Haerdter, R. &amp; Gerendás, J. (2010). Impact of nitrogen supply on carbon/ nitrogen allocation: a case study on amino acids and catechins in green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Kuntze plants. Plant Biology, 12, 724-734.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Ruzbahani, A., Ghorbani, P., Mirzaie M. &amp; Aroijnia, S. (2013). Study of the effect of humic acid and fulvic acid on yield and yield components of barley. Agronomy Plant Breeding, 9 (2), 25-33.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Sabzevari, S., Khazaie, H.R. &amp; Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of humic acid on root and shoot growth of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Water and Soil, 23(2), 87-94. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Salehi, B., Bagherzadeh, A.S. &amp; Ghasemi, M. (2010). Effect of humic acid on growth, yield and yield components of three tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 2(4), 640-647.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Schnitzer, M. (1977). Recent findings of the characterization of humic substances extracted from soils from widely different climatic zones. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Soil Organic Matter Studies, Braunsweig. Spring Wheat Yield. Facts Ferilizer, 32,117-131.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Shajari, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Ghorbani, R. &amp; Nasiri Mahalati, M. (2014). Evaluation of the effects of organic, biological and chemical fertilizers on vegetative indices and essential oil content of coriander. Journal of Agricultural Ecology, 6(3), 425-443. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Shajari, M., Rezvani Moghadam, P., Ghorbani, R. &amp; Nasiri Mahallati, N. (2015). Effects of application of organic, biological, and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative function of coriander. Journal of Horticulture (Agriculture Sciences and Technology), 29(4), 486-500. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Stephen, O.D. (2005). Taking stock of herbicide-resistant crops ten years after introduction. Pest Management Science, 61, 211-218.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Tahami, K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. &amp; Jahan, M. (2014). Evaluation of the effects of organic, biological and chemical effects on morphological traits, functional and seed function components of basil plant. Iranian Journal of Crop Research, 12(4), 543-553. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Turkmen, N., Sari, F. &amp; Velioglu, Y. (2005). The effect of cooking methods on total phenolics and antioxidant activity of selected green vegetables. Food Chemistry, 93(4), 713-718.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Toor, R.K., Geoffrey, P.S. &amp; Anuschka, H. (2006). Influence of different types of fertilisers on the major antioxidant components of tomatoes. Journal Food Composition Analysis, 19, 20-27.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Viti, R., Bartolini, S. &amp; Vitagliano, C. (1989). Growth regulators on pollen germination in olive. Acta Horticulturae, 286, 227-230.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Winter, C. K. &amp; Davis, S. F. (2006). Organic Foods. Journal of Food Science, 71 (9), 117-124.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation>Wrosotad, R.E. (1976). Color and pigment analysis in fruit products. Oregon State University Publications Limited, Cornwalis.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R53">
			<label>53</label>
			<element-citation>Yoo, K. M., Lee, C., Lee, H., Moon, B. K. &amp; Lee, C.Y. (2008). Relative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of common herbs. Food Chemistry, 106, 929-936. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.262611.1484</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76223_bce8227872f996fd5488577cbb716178.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>امکان‌سنجی القای ریشه مویین در دو گونه زوفا (‏Hyssopus officinalis‏ و ‏Hyssopus ‎angustifolius‏)‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>طایفه علی اکبرخانی</surname>
			            <given-names>سمیه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>کاظمی تبار امیر کلایی</surname>
			            <given-names>سید کمال</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>قاسمی عمران</surname>
			            <given-names>ولی اله</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، پژوهشکده ژنتیک دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، ساری، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مهنا</surname>
			            <given-names>ناصر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>803</fpage>
			      <lpage>813</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>15</day>
			          <month>08</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>01</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76223.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76223.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>در این پژوهش، القای ریشه مویین از دو ریزنمونه برگ و ساقه دو گونه زوفای دارویی (H. officinalis) و زوفای باریک برگ (H. angustifolius) توسط چهار سویه آگروباکتری شامل A4، ATCC15834،LB9404  و 2656 و در سه محیط کشتMS  و MS2/1 وB5  آزمایشی به‏‌‏صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. هر دو ریزنمونه برگ و ساقه در سه محیط کشت تولید ریشه مویین کردند. ماهیت تراریختی ریشه­های مذکور از طریق ردیابی بخشی از ژن rol B وارد شده به ژنوم ریشه های تراریخت با استفاده از PCR به اثبات رسید. نتایج نشان داد سویه­های مختلف Agrobacterium rhizogenesو محیط کشت در دو گونه زوفا اثر معنی‏‌‏داری بر درصد ریشه زایی و اندازه ریشه مویین داشتند. بیشترین درصد ریشه مویین (۷۱) و طول ریشه (7/4 سانتی‏‌‏متر) در ریزنمونه ساقه گونه باریک برگ، با تلقیح سویه ATCC15834 حاصل شد. در گونه دارویی بالاترین درصد ریشه مویین (۵۵) و طول ریشه مویین (6/1 سانتی‏‌‏متر) برای ریزنمونه برگ، با تلقیح سویه A4 به‏‌‏دست آمد. محیط کشت MS برای هر دو گونه زوفا مناسب­ترین بود. این نتایج می­تواند در انتقال ژن و کشت ریشه های مویین زوفا به منظور تولید تجاری متابولیت­های ثانوی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>آگروباکتریوم رایزوژنز</kwd>
						<kwd>ریشه مویین</kwd>
						<kwd>زوفا</kwd>
						<kwd>محیط کشت</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Akramian, M., Fakhr Tabatabaei, S.M. &amp; Mirmasoumi, M. (2008). Virulence of different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on genetic transformation of four Hyoscyamus species. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 3(5), 759-763.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Asghari, Gh. &amp; Salimian Rizi, T. (2008). The influence of fructose, glucose and sucrose on flavolignans formation in Silybum marinum callus culture. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7, 16-23.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Bonhomme, V., Laurain-Mattar, D. &amp; Fliniaux, M.A. (2000). Effects of the rol C gene on hairy root: induction development and tropane alkaloid production by Atropa belladonna. Journal of Natural Products, 63, 1249-1252.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Brijwal, L. &amp; Tamta, S. (2015). Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root induction in endangered Berberis aristata DC. Springer Plus, 4, 443-453.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Chandran, R.P. &amp; Potty, V. (2008). Induction of hairy roots through the mediation of four strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on five host plants. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 129-132.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Chen, H. &amp; Chen F. (2000). Induction ofInfluence of different strains of Agrobacterium phytoalexin formation in crown gall and hairy rootrhizogenes on induction of hairy roots and culture of Salvia miltiorrhiza by methyl viologen. Biotechnology Letters, 22, 715-20.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Chilton, Md., Tepfer, Da., Petit, A., David, C. Casse-Delbart &amp; Tepe, G. (1982), Agrobacterium rhizogenes insert T-DNA into the genomes of the host plant root cells. Nature, 295, 432-4.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Christensen, B., Sriskandarajah, S. &amp; Müller, R. (2009). Transformation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 84, 204-208.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Combard, A. &amp; Baucher, M.F. (1988). A common organization of the T-DNA genes expressed in plant hairy roots induced by different plasmids of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Molecular Biology, 10, 499-509.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Dessaux, Y., Petit, A. &amp; Tempe, J. (1993). Chemistry and biochemistry of opines, chemical mediators of parasitism. Phytochemistry, 34, 31-38.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Do, CB. &amp; Cormier, F. (1990). Accumulation of anthocyanins enhanced by a high osmotic potential in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cell suspensions. Plant Cell Reports, 9, 143-146.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Doyle, J.J. &amp; Doyle, J.L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemistry Bull, 19, 11-15.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Dzhumaev, Kh.K. (1986). Dynamics of essential oil accumulation in Hyssopus seravschanicus. Uzbekskii Biologicheskii Zhurnal, 6, 31-33.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Ercan, A.G., Taşkin, K.M., Turgut, K. &amp; Yüce, S. (1999). Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root formation in some Rubia tinctorum L. populations grown in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 23, 373-378.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Garg, S., Naqvi, A.A., Singh, A., Ram, G. &amp; Kumar, S. (1999). Composition of essential oil from an annual crop of Hyssopus officinalis grown in Indian plains. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 14, 170-172.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>George, E.F., Hall, M.A. &amp; Klerk, G.J.D. (2008). Plant propagation by tissue culture. Volume 1. Springer, Netherlands.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Gollapudi, S., Shara, H.A., Aggarval, S., Byers, L.D., Ensley, H.E. &amp; Gupta S. (1995). Isolation of a previously unidentified polysacharide (MAR-10) from Hyssopus officinalis that exhibits strong activity agains human imunodeficiency virus type 1. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 210, 145-151.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Gorunovic, M., Bogavac, P., Chalchat, J. &amp; Chabardi J. (1995). Essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. Lamiaceae of Montenegro original. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 7, 39-43.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Hasanloo, T. (2006). Study of some secondary metabolites in Silybum marianum from different area of Iran and its cell and tissue culture for production of silymarin. Ph.D. Thesis. Iranshahr University Iran.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Hu, Z.B. &amp; Du, M. (2006). Hairy root and its application in plant genetic engineering. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 48, 121-127.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Ishida, J.K., Yoshida, S., Ito, M., Namba, S. &amp; Shirasu, K. (2011). Agrobacterium rhizogenes- mediated transformation of the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum. PloS One, 6(10), e25802.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Kittipongpatana, N., Darryl, L., Davis &amp; John, R. Porter. (2002). Methyl jasmonate increases the production of valepotriates by transformed root cultures of Valerianella locusta. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 71, 65 - 75.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Kizil, S., Toncer, O., Ipek, A., Arslan, N., Saglam, S. &amp; Khawar, K.M. (2008). Blooming stages of Turkish hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) affect essential oil composition. Acta Agriculture Scandinavia, Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 58(3), 273-279.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Kizil, S., Hasimi, N., Tolan, V., Kilin, E. &amp; Karatas H. (2010). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) essential oil. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 38(3), 99-103.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Kochan, E., Wysokinska, H. &amp; Chmiel A. (1999). Rosmarinic acid and other phenolic acids in hairy roots of Hyssopus officinalis. Der Naturforscher. 54c, 11.16182-16185.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Kuzovkina, I.N. &amp; Schneider, B. (2006). Progress in botany. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (pp: 275-314).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Lee, S.Y., Xu, H., Kim, Y.K. &amp; Park, S.U. (2007). Rosmarinic acid production in hairy root cultures of Kuntze. World Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biotechnology, 24, 969-972.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Li, W., Koike, K., Asada, Y., Yoshikawa, T. &amp; Nikaido, T. (2005). Rosmarinic acid production by Coleus forskohlii hairy root cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 80, 151-155.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Mahesh, A. &amp; Jeyachandran, R. (2011). Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root induction in Taraxacum officinale and analysis of sesquiterpene lactones. Plant Biosystems, 145, 620-626.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Mitic, V. &amp; Dordevic, S. (2000). Essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis L. cultivated in Serbia. Facta Universitatis- Series: Physics Chemistry and Technology, 2, 105-108.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Mojab, F., Mosadegh, M., Monsefesfahani, H.R. &amp; Najari, A. (2002). Examination of retail journalism and identification of components essential oil Hyssopus officinalis. Journal of Pazhohandeh, 8(2), 9-15. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Murashige, T. &amp; Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Nanova, Z., Slavova, Y., Nenkova, D. &amp; Ivanova, I. (2007). Microclonal propagation of Hyssopus officinalis. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 13, 213- 219.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Nguyen, C., Bourgaud, F., Forlot, P. &amp; Guckert, A. (1992). Establishment of hairy root cultures of Psoralea species. Plant Cell Reports, 11, 424-427.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Omidbagi, R., Borna, F., Borna, T. &amp; Inotai, K. (2009). Sowing dates affecting on the essential oil content of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica l) and its constituents. Journal of Bearing Plants, 15(5), 580-5.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Ooi, C.T., Syahida, A., Stanslas, J. &amp; Maziah, M. (2013). Efficiency of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy roots induction in Solanum mammosum. World Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biotechnology, 29(3), 421-430.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Ozer, H., Sahin, F., Kilic, H. &amp; Gulluce, M. (2005). Essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. Angustifolius (Bieb.) Archangelic from Turkey. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20, 42 44.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Pawar, P.K. &amp; Maheshwari, V.L. (2004). Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root induction in two medicinally important members of family Solanaceae. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 414-417.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Petersen, S.G., Stummann, B.M., Olesen, P. &amp; Henningsen, K.W. (1989). Structure and function of rootinducing (Ri) plasmids and their relation to tumorinducing (Ti) plasmids. Physiologia Plantarum. 77, 427-435.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Pirian, K., Piri, K. &amp; Ghiyasvand, T. (2012). Hairy roots induction from Portulaca oleracea using Agrobacterium rhizogenes to noradrenaline’s production. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3, 642-649.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Rechinger, K.H. (1982). Labiatae. Flora Iranica. Akademische Drucku-Verlagsanstalt, Graz, (598 pp).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Rechinger, K.H. (1984). Alliaceae. Flora Iranica, Akademische Drucku-Verlagsanstalt, Graz, (85 pp).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Said-Al Ahl, H., Abbas, Z., Sabra, A. &amp; Tkachenko, K. (2015). Essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis cultivated in Egypt. International Journal of Plant Research, 1 (2), 49-53</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Sambrook, J. &amp; Russell, D.W. (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, (2344 pp).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Slightom, J.L., Durand-Tardif, M., Jouanin, L. &amp; Tepfer, D. (1986). Nucleotide sequence analysis of TLDNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes agropine type plasmid. Identification of open reading frames.  Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261, 108-121.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Soleimani, T., Keyhanfar, M., Piri, K.H. &amp; Hasanloo, T. (2012). Hairy root induction in burdock (Arctium lappa L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 44, 176-184.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Sreeramanan, S., Vinod, B., Sashi, S. &amp; Xavier, R. (2008). Optimization of the transient Gusa gene transfer of Phalaenopsis Violacea orchid via Agrobacterium tumefaciens: an assessment of factors influencing the efficiency of gene transfer mechanisms. Advances in Natural &amp; Applied Sciences, 2, 77-89.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Srivastava, S. &amp; Srivastava, A.K. (2007) Hairy root culture for mass-production of high-value secondary metabolites. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 27, 29-43.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Tada, H., Murakami, Y., Omoto, T., Shimomura, K. &amp; Ishimaru, K. (1996). Rosmarinic acid and related phenolics in hairy root cultures of Ocimum basilicum. Phytochemistry, 42, 431-434.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Tao, J. &amp; Li, L. (2006). Genetic transformation of Torenia fournieri L. mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. South African Journal of Botany, 72, 211-216.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Tepfer, D. (1990). Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Physiology, 79, 140-146.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation>Vallejo, M., Herraiz, J., Perez-Alonso, M. &amp; Velasco Negueruela, A. (1995). Volatile oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. from Spain. Journal. Essential Oil Research, 7, 567-568.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R53">
			<label>53</label>
			<element-citation>Vanhala, L., Hiltunen, R. &amp; Oksman-Caldentey, K.M. (1995). Virulence of different Agrobacterium strains on hairy root formation of Hyoscyamus muticus. Plant Cell Reports, 14, 236-240.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R54">
			<label>54</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, B., Zhang, G., Zhu, L., Chen, L. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2006). Genetic transformation of Echinacea purpurea with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and bioactive ingredient analysis in transformed cultures. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 53, 101-104.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R55">
			<label>55</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, Q.J., Zheng, L.P., Yuan, H.Y. &amp; Wang, J. (2013). Propagation of Salvia miltiorrhiza from hairy root explants via somatic embryogenesis and tanshinone content in obtained plants. Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 648-653.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R56">
			<label>56</label>
			<element-citation>Wesołowska, A., Jadczak, D. &amp; Grzeszczuk, M. (2010). Essential oil composition of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) cultivated in north-western Poland. Herba Polonica, 56 (1), 57-65. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.262350.1481</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75451_c147d72baa3b78e7525f0e4a834ca391.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر همزیستی قارچ‌ مایکوریزا آربسکولار بر برخی شاخص‌های کیفی و فیزیولوژیکی گل لیزیانتوس ‏گلدانی (‏Eustoma grandiflorum ‘Matador Blue’‎‏)‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فرخوند</surname>
			            <given-names>ایمان</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ‌ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ریزی</surname>
			            <given-names>سعید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ‌ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>برزگر</surname>
			            <given-names>رحیم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ‌ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فتاحی</surname>
			            <given-names>مسعود</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ‌ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>815</fpage>
			      <lpage>824</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>29</day>
			          <month>07</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>22</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75451.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75451.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثر همزیستی سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus howei) بر ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی رﺷﺪ و کیفیت گل لیزیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum) پاکوتاه اجرا شد. آزمایش به‏‌‏صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه عامل مایکوریز، غلظت و بستر کشت در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد مایکوریزا باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد غنچه شد. محتوای کلروفیل و نیتروژن نیز با افزایش میزان قارچ‌ریشه‌ها نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشت. به طور کلی کاربرد مایکوریزا توانست غلظت فسفر و نیتروژن را در برگ گیاهان لیزیانتوس گلدانی افزیش دهد. بر اساس نتایج تلقیح بستر کاشت با قارچ‌های مایکوریزا می‌تواند به‌طور قابل‌توجهی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای گیاه گلدانی لیزیانتوس را بهبود بخشد و همچنین باعث بهبود شاخص‌های رویشی و زایشی شود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>توپی</kwd>
						<kwd>عناصر</kwd>
						<kwd>کلروفیل</kwd>
						<kwd>گلدان</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Abdul-Wasea, A., Abdel-Fattah, G., Elhindi, K. H. &amp; Abdel-Salam, E. (2014). The impact of arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi in improving growth, flower yield and tolerance of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Polin) plants grown in NaCl-stress conditions. Journal of Biotechnology &amp; Biomaterials, 3, 5-11.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Anderson, N. O. (2007). Flower breeding and genetics, challenges and opportunities for the 21st Century, Springer.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Asrar, A. A., Abdel-Fattah, G. M., Elhindi, K. &amp; Abdel-Salam, E. M. (2014). The impact of arbuscular mychorrhizal fungi in improving growth, flower yield and tolerance of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelin) plants grown in NaCl-stress. Journal of Food, Agriculture &amp; Environment, 12, 105-112.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Barea, J. M. (1991). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae as modifiers of soil fertility. Advances in Soil Science, Springer.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Barrow, N. J., Malajczuk, N. &amp; Shaw, T. C. (1977). A direct test of the ability of vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhiza to help plants take up fixed soil phosphate. New Phytologist, 78 (2), 269-276.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Bucking, H. &amp; Kafle, A. (2015). Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the nitrogen uptake of plants: current knowledge and research gaps. Agronomy, 5(4), 587-612.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Douds, J. D. D., Nagahashi, G., Pfeffer, P. E., Kayser, W. M. &amp; Reider, C. (2005). On-farm production and utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85(1), 15-21.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Ehsani, M., Norinia, A., Bakhshi, G. &amp; Ehsani, G. (2013). Effect of different levels of salinity and coexistence with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on yield and some morphological traits of sorghum. Quarterly Journal of Plant Sciences, 8, 1-9. (In Farsi).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Gasemi-ghehsare, M. &amp; Kafi, M. (2008). Scientific and Practical Floriculture. First volume. Third edition. Author's publication. Isfahan University of Technology, 420 pages. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Ghasemi-ghehsare, M. &amp; Mohammadi, R. (2008). Principles of breeding and seed production in ornamental plants. (First Edition). Elm-Arifin Publishing. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Grant, C. A., Petersond, G. A. &amp; Capbell, C. A. (2002). Nutrient consideration for diversified cropping systems in the northern great plains. Agronomy Journal, 94,186-198.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Halevy, A. H. &amp; Kofranek, A. M. (1984). Evaluation of lisianthus as a new flower crop. HortScience, 19, 845-847.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Hesami, M., Emami, S. &amp; Yaghmaii, L. (2013). Effect of sowing depth and seed cover on seedling establishment of Quercus brantii Lindl. Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21, 573-580. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>He, X. H., Critchley, C. &amp; Bledsoe, C. (2003). Nitrogen transfer within and between plants through common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22(6), 531-567.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Hetrick, B. A. D. (1989). Acquisition of phosphorus by mycorrhizal fungi and the growth responses of their host plants. Cambridge University Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Hodge, A., Campbell, C. D. &amp; Fitter, A. H. (2001). An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus accelerates decomposition and acquires nitrogen directly from organic material. Nature, 413(6853), 297-299.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Huang, J. C., Lai, W. A., Singh, S., Hameed, A. &amp; Young, C. C. (2013). Response of mycorrhizal hybrid tomato cultivars under saline stress. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 13 (2), 469-484.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>James, B., Rodel, D., Lorettu, U., Reynaldo, E. &amp; Tariq, H. (2008). Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(5), 2217-2224.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Khandanmirkohi, A., Shaikhasadi, M., Taheri, M. &amp; Babalar, M. (2015). Effect of mycorrhiza arbuscular fungi and different levels of phosphorus on some aspects of lizanthus growth. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Cultivation, 6, 57-67. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Kaya, C., Ashraf, M., Sonmez, O., Aydemir, S., Tuna, A. L. &amp; Cullu, M. A. (2009). The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on key growth parameters and fruit yield of pepper plants grown at high salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 12, 11-6.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Kijkar, S. (1991). Handbook: Producing rooted cuttings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. AASEAN-Canada Forest Tree Seed Center Project.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Li, H., Smith, F. A., Dickson, S., Holloway, R. E. &amp; Smith, S. E. (2008). Plant growth depressions in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses: not just caused by carbon drain. New Phytologist, 178(4), 852-862.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Leyval, C. &amp; Berthelin, J. (1989). Interactions between Laccaria laccata, Agrobacterium radiobacter and beech roots: Influence on P, K, Mg, and Fe mobilization from minerals and plant growth. Plant and Soil, 117(1), 103-110.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods of Enzymology, 148, 350-380.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Miransari-mahabadi, M.R., Bahrami, H., Rejaly, F. &amp; Malakoty, M. G. (2001). Effect of arbuscular mucus arsenic on nutrient uptake and corn yield under stress conditions of soil compaction. Journal of Soil &amp; Water Sciences, 20 (1). (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Nye, P. H. &amp; Tinker, P. B. (1978). Solute movements in the root-soil system. Blackwell, Oxford.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Quilambo, O. A. (2003). The vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 539-543.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Raviv, M. (2010). The use of mycorrhiza in organically-grown crops under semiarid conditions: a review of benefits, constraints and future challenges. Symbiosis, 52(2-3), 65-74.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Siqueira, J.O. &amp; Saggin-Júnior, O.J. (2001). Dependency on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and responsiveness of some Brazilian native woody species. Mycorrhiza, 11(5), 245-255.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Smith, S. &amp; Read, D.J. (1997). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Biologia Plantarum, 40, 154-154.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Thomas, M. S. (2019). Encyclopedia of microbiology (4th ed.). Academic Press.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Yaseen, T., Naseer, A. &amp; Shakeel, M. (2016). Investigating the association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with selected ornamental plants collected from district Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan. Science, Technology &amp; Development, 35(3), 141-147.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Zarei, M., Tadayyon, M. R. &amp; Tadayyon, A. (2014). Effect of biofertilizer, under salinity condition on the yield and oil content of three ecotype of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Journal of Crop Improvment, 16(3), 517-529. (in Farsi) _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.260511.1462</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75452_eff28f99528662b6042e9cc2c7de7146.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>بررسی و مقایسه برخی صفات مورفولوژیک و وضعیت عناصر غذایی برگ و ریشه در برخی ‏ترکیب‌های پیوندی بادام در مقایسه با پایه‌های غیر پیوندی تحت تنش شوری ‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>سقلی</surname>
			            <given-names>طاهر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>امیری</surname>
			            <given-names>محمداسماعیل</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ایمانی</surname>
			            <given-names>علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های سردسیری و معتدله، مؤسسه تحقیقات باغبانی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏تهران، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>رضایی</surname>
			            <given-names>حامد</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c5">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مومن پور</surname>
			            <given-names>علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیارمرکزملی تحقیقات شوری،سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش وترویج کشاورزی،یزد،ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>825</fpage>
			      <lpage>838</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>06</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>25</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75452.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75452.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، جذب و انتقال برخی عناصر غذایی بادام آزمایشی به‏‌‏صورت فاکتوریل در پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو عامل ترکیب پیوندی و پایه هرکدام در 4 سطح (پایه‌های رویشی GF677،GN15 و تترا و پایه بذری بادام تلخ به‏‌‏عنوان شاهد و پیوند شاهرود-12 بر روی چهار پایه ذکرشده) و عامل شوری آب آبیاری در پنج سطح (۳/۰، 2، 4، 6 و 8 دسی‌زیمنس‌ بر متر)، صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد افزایش شوری تا 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر سبب کاهش نیتروژن برگی رقم شاهرود-12 در حالت پیوندی و پایه‌های غیر‌پیوندی شد. با افزایش شوری تا 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر، بیشترین و کمترین کاهش در مقدار فسفر برگی نیز به‌ترتیب در پایه شاهد (غیر پیوندی) GF677 و رقم شاهرود-12 پیوندشده بر پایه GF667 مشاهده شد. افزایش میزان شوری منجر به افزایش مقدار پتاسیم برگی رقم شاهرود-12 پیوندشده بر پایه GF677 و پایه شاهد GF677 گردید. با افزایش شوری نسبت سدیم/ نیتروژن در ریشه پایه‌های شاهد افزایش یافت. در شوری 8 دسی‌زیمنس، بیشترین و کمترین نسبت سدیم/پتاسیم نیز به­ترتیب در پایه شاهد بادام تلخ بذری و شاهرود-12 پیوندشده روی پایه GF677 مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد ترکیب شاهرود-12 پیوندشده بر روی GF677 متحمل‌ترین ترکیب به شوری بود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>تنش غیرزیستی</kwd>
						<kwd>پایه و پیوندک</kwd>
						<kwd>سدیم</kwd>
						<kwd>فسفر</kwd>
						<kwd>پتاسیم‏</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Emami, A. (1996). Plant analysis methods. Institue of Agricultural Research, Education and Development. Soil and Water Organization. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Bagherzadeh, T., Kavusi, H.R., Khezri, M. &amp; Mirzaei, S. (2016). Study the protein expression pattern and some morphological and biochemical traits in white pistachio rootetocks and alnus under salinity stress. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 8(3), 15-32. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Bayburdi, A. (2013). Evaluation of the late flowering alnus varieties in salinity stress. Agronomic and Horticultural Production and Processing Journal, 3(3), 217-225. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Oraei, M., Tabatabaei, J., Fallahi, A. &amp; Imani, A. (2009). The effects of salinity stress and rootstock on the growth, photosynthetic rate, nutrient and sodium concentrations of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.). Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 2009(10), 131-140. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Momenpour, A., Bakhshi, D., Imani, A. &amp; Rezaei, H. (2015). Effect of salinity stress on growth traits and nutrients concentration in Shahrood-12, Tono and 1-16 Alnus genotyopes grafted on GF677 rootstocks. Agricultural Agronomy, 17(1), 197-216. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Momeni, A. (2010). Geographical distribution and salinity levels of Iranian Soil resources. Soil Researchs (Special issue on salinity-A), 24(3), 203-215. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Zakeri Asl, M.A., Bolandnazar, S.A., Ustan, Sh. &amp; Tabatabaei, S.J. (2014). Effect of NaCl and nitrogen levels on growth, vitamin C concentration and nitrat content in vegetables. Soil and Water Knowledge, 24(1), 239-250. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Arab, M.M., Yadollahi A., Shojaeiyan A. &amp; Ahmadi, H. (2016). Artificial neural network genetic algorithm as powerful tool to predict and optimize in vitro proliferation mineral medium for G × N15 rootstock. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1-16.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Bastam, N., Baninasab, B. &amp; Ghobadi, C. (2013). Improving salt tolerance by exogenous application of salicylic acid in seedlings of pistachio. Plant Growth Regulator, 69, 275-284.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Chartzoulakis, K., Loupassaki, M., Bertaki, M. &amp; Androulakis, I. (2002). Effects of NaCl salinity on growth, ion content and CO2 assimilation rate of six olive cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 96, 235–247.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Cha-um, S., Batin, C.B., Samphumphung, T. &amp; Kidmanee, C. (2013). Physio-morphological changes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L. DC.) in responses to soil salinity. Australian Journal Crop Science, 7(13), 2128-2135.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Felipe, A.J. (2009). ‘Felinem’, ‘Garnem’, and ‘Monegro’ Almond×Peach Hybrid Rootstocks. Horticultural Science, 44, 196-197.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Grattan, S.R. &amp; Grieve, C.M. (1999). Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 127-157.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Hasegawa, P.M., Bressan, R.A., Zhu, J.K. &amp; Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 51, 463-499.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Hu, Y. &amp; Schmidhalter, U. (2005). Drought and salinity, a comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168, 541-549.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Kamiab, F., Talaie, A., Javanshah, A., Khezri, M. &amp; Khalighi, A. (2012). Effect of long-term salinity on growth, chemical composition and mineral elements of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Zarand) rootstock seedlings. Annals of Biological Research. 3 (12), 5545-5551.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Karimi, S. &amp; Tavallai, V. (2017). Interactive effects of soil salinity and boron on growth, mineral composition and CO2 assimilation of pistachio seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39(242), 1-10.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Martinez-Rodriguez, M.M., Estan, M.T., Moyano, E., Garcia-Abellan, J.O., Flores, F.B., Campos, J.F., Al-Azzawi, M.J., Flowers, T.J. &amp; Bolarin, M.C. (2008). The effectiveness of grafting to improve salt tolerance in tomato when an ‘excluder’ genotype is used as scion. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63, 392-401.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Mehdi-Tounsi, H., Chelli-Chaabouni, A., Mahjoub-Boujnah, D. &amp; Boukhris, M. (2017). Long-term field response of pistachio to irrigation water salinity. Agricultural Water Management, 185, 1-12.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Mestrea, L., Ángeles, M., Jesús, A.G., María, R., Jorge, P. &amp; Ángeles Moreno, M. (2015). Influence of peach–almond hybrids and plum-based rootstocks on mineral nutrition and yield characteristics of ‘Big Top’ nectarine in replant and heavy-calcareous soil conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 192, 475-481.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Mohammadkhani, N., Heidari, R. &amp; Abbaspour, N. (2015). Salinity effects on potassium accumulation and transporters expression in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5(4), 1483-1494. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Nabil, M. &amp; Coudret, A. (1995). Effects of sodium chloride on growth, tissue elasticity and solute adjustment in two Acacia nilotica subspecies. Physiologia Plantarum, 93, 217-224.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Nawaz, K., Hussain, K., Majeed, A., Khan, F., Afghan, S. &amp; Ali, K. (2010). Fatality of salt stress to plants, morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(34), 5475-5480.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Noitsakis B., Dimassi, K. &amp; Therios, I. (1997). Effect of NaCl induced salinity on growth, chemical composition and water relation of two almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) cultivars and the hybrid GF677 (Prunus amygdalus-Prunus persica). Acta Horticulturae, 449, 641-648.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Parvaneh, T., Afshari, H. &amp; Ebadi, A. (2011). A study of the influence of different rootstocks on the vegetative growth of almond cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 16808-16812.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Taha, N.M. &amp; Azza, I.M. (2011). Morphological and anatomical evaluation of a new five stone fruit rootstocks. Journal of American Science, 7, 135-152.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Wani, I.A., Ahanger, R.A., Bhat, H.A., Lone, A.A., Bhat, T.A., Malik, I.A. &amp; Hassan, G.I. (2012). Rootstocks of almond. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 4, 137-150.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Zrig, A., Ben Mohamed, H., Tounekti, T., Khemira, H., Serrano, M., Valeroc, D. &amp; Vadel, A.M.  (2016). Effect of rootstock on salinity tolerance of sweet almond (cv. Mazzetto). South African Journal of Botany, 102, 50-59. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2019.239379.1303</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75454_83f1189f512e00032212dc519419b43c.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر کادمیم و سرب بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و شاخص‌های فتوسنتزی گیاه ریحان ‏(‏Ocimum basilicum L.‎‏)‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فتاحی</surname>
			            <given-names>بهمن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ارزانی</surname>
			            <given-names>کاظم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>سوری</surname>
			            <given-names>محمد کاظم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>برزگر</surname>
			            <given-names>محسن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>839</fpage>
			      <lpage>849</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>13</day>
			          <month>09</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>01</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2019</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75454.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75454.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر کادمیم و سرب بر صفات ریخت‌شناسی، فیزیولوژی و فتوسنتزی ریحان انجام شد. خاک مورد استفاده قبل از کشت، به‏‌‏مدت 2 ماه با استفاده از محلول‌های سرب (صفر، 100، 200 و 400 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و کادمیم (صفر، 5، 10 و 20 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) آلوده گردید. نتایج نشان داد در تیمارهای کادمیم و سرب صفات مربوط به کیفیت و بازار‌پسندی ریحان شامل تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، زمان به گل رفتن گیاه و قطر ساقه نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. با افزایش غلظت کادمیم از صفر تا 20 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک، میزان کادمیم برگ ریحان از 71/0 به 06/3 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن خشک و با افزایش غلظت سرب از صفر تا 400 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک، میزان سرب برگ از 93/0 به 95/4 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن خشک افزایش یافت. تیمارهای کادمیم و سرب منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار شاخص کلروفیل (95/22 به 98/13)، مقدار کلروفیل a (755/0 به 333/0 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، مقدار کلروفیل b (330/0 به 125/0میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و میزان کاروتنوییدها (228/0 به 095/0 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر) شد. همچنین میزان عملکرد و کارایی فتوسیستم II (834/0 به 422/0) نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. با توجه به اینکه افزایش کادمیم و سرب برای سلامت انسان مضر و خطرات جدی به همراه دارد، لازم است از کشت سبزیجات در مناطق آلوده به فلزات سنگین مانند کادمیوم و سرب جلوگیری شود.  </p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>تنش</kwd>
						<kwd>خاک آلوده</kwd>
						<kwd>سرب</kwd>
						<kwd>کادمیم</kwd>
						<kwd>کارتنوییدها</kwd>
						<kwd>کلروفیل</kwd>
						<kwd>فتوسیستم ‏II</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Agrawal, V. &amp; Sharma, K. (2006). Phytotoxic effects of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb on in vitro regeneration and concomitant protein changes in Holarrhena antidysenterica. Biologia Plantarum, 50, 307-310.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Ali, B., Rani, I., Hayat, S. &amp; Ahmad, A. (2007). Effect of 4-Cl-indole-3-acetic acid on the seed germination of Cicer arietinum exposed to cadmium. Acta Botanica Croatica, 66, 57-65.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Almeida, A.A., Valle, R.R., Mielke, M.S. &amp; Gomes, F.P. (2007). Tolerance and prospection of phytoremediator woody species of Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 19, 83-98.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Arnon, A. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112-121.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Asgari lajayer, H., Hadian, J., Motesharezadeh, B. &amp; GHorbanpour, M. (2014). Assessing different levels of zinc and copper impacts on micro-and macro elements accumulation and translocation in various parts of Ocimum basilicum L. plant. South Western Journal of Horticulture, Biology and Environment, 5, 105-123.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Barceló, J. &amp; Poschenrieder, C. (1990). Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 13, 1-37.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Behera, R.K., Mishra, P.C. &amp; Choudhury, N.K. (2002). High irradiance and water stress induce alterations in pigment composition and chloroplast activities of primary wheat leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 159, 967-973.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Bigdeli, M. &amp; Seilsepour, M. (2008). Investigation of metals accumulation in some vegetables irrigated with waste water in Shahre Rey-Iran and toxicological implications. American-Eurasian JournalofAgricultural&amp; Environmental Sciences,4(1), 86-92.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Chaiyarat, R., Suebsima, R., Putwattana, N., Kruatrachue, M. &amp; Pokethitiyook, P. (2011). Effects of soil amendments on growth and metal uptake by Ocimum gratissimum grown in Cd/Zn-contaminated soil. Water, Air&amp; Soil Pollution, 214, 383-392.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Dib, T.A., Monneveux, P., Acevedo, E. &amp; Nachit, M. (1994). Evaluation of proline analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching measurements as drought tolerance indicators in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Euphytica, 79, 65-73.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Gonçalves, J.F., Antes, F.G., Maldaner, J., Pereira, L.B., Tabaldi, L.A., Rauber, R., Rossato, L.V., Bisognin, D.A., Dressler, V.L. &amp; de Moraes Flores, E.M. (2009). Cadmium and mineral nutrient accumulation in potato plantlets grown under cadmium stress in two different experimental culture conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47, 814-821.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Gulcin, I., Elmastas, M. &amp; Aboul-Enein, H.Y. (2007). Determination of antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. Family Lamiaceae) assayed by different methodologies. Phytotherapy Research, 21, 354-361.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Han, Y. L., Huang, S. Z., Gu, J. G., Qiu, S. &amp; Chen, J. M. (2008). Tolerance and accumulation of lead by species of Iris L. Ecotoxicology, 17, 853-859.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Huang, Z., Pan, X.-D., Wu, P.-G., Han, J.-L. &amp; Chen, Q. (2014). Heavy metals in vegetables and the health risk to population in Zhejiang, China. Food Control, 36, 248-252.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Hussain, I., Iqbal, M., Qurat-ul-Ain, S., Rasheed, R., Mahmood, S., Perveen, A. &amp; Wahid, A. (2012). Cadmium dose and exposure-time dependent alterations in growth and physiology of maize (Zea mays). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14, 959-964.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Joint, F.&amp; Additives, W.E.C.O.F. (1985). FAO/WHO food additives data system: evaluations by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, 1956-1984.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Khatib, M., Rashed, M.M.H., Ganjali, A. &amp; Lahouti, M. (2008). The effects of different nickel concentrations on some morpho-physiological characteristics of parsley (Petroselinum crispum). IranianJournal of Field Crops Research, 2008, 6 (2), 295-302. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press. P.403.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Liang, J., Zhang, J. &amp; Wong, M. (1997). Can stomatal closure caused by xylem ABA explain the inhibition of leaf photosynthesis under soil drying?. Photosynthesis Research, 51, 149-159.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Lone, M.I., He, Zl., Stoffella, P.J. &amp; Yang, Xe. (2008). Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water: progresses and perspectives. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 9, 210-220.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Lu, C., Qiu, N., Lu, Q., Wang, B. &amp; Kuang, T. (2002). Does salt stress lead to increased susceptibility of photosystem II to photoinhibition and changes in photosynthetic pigment composition in halophyte Suaeda salsa grown outdoors?. Plant Science, 163, 1063-1068.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Majer, B.J., Tscherko, D., Paschke, A., Wennrich, R., Kundi, M., Kandeler, E. &amp; Knasmüller, S. (2002). Effects of heavy metal contamination of soils on micronucleus induction in Tradescantia and on microbial enzyme activities: a comparative investigation. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 515, 111-124.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Manios, T., Stentiford, E.I. &amp; Millner, P.A. (2003). The effect of heavy metals accumulation on the chlorophyll concentration of Typha latifolia plants, growing in a substrate containing sewage sludge compost and watered with metaliferus water. Ecological Engineering, 20, 65-74.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>McKenna, I.M., Chaney, R.L. &amp; Williams, F.M. (1993). The effects of cadmium and zinc interactions on the accumulation and tissue distribution of zinc and cadmium in lettuce and spinach. Environmental Pollution, 79, 113-120.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Nriagu, J.O. &amp; Pacyna, J.M. (1988). Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature, 333, 134-139.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Ommen, O., Donnelly, A., Vanhoutvin, S., Van Oijen, M. &amp; Manderscheid, R. (1999). Chlorophyll content of spring wheat flag leaves grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and other environmental stresses within the ‘ESPACE-wheat’project. European Journal of Agronomy, 10, 197-203.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Ouzounidou, G., Čiamporová, M., Moustakas, M. &amp; Karataglis, S. (1995). Responses of maize (Zea mays L.) plants to copper stress-I. growth, mineral content and ultrastructure of roots. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 35, 167-176.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Pruvot, C., Douay, F., Hervé, F.&amp; Waterlot, C. (2006). Heavy metals in soil, crops and grass as a source of human exposure in the former mining areas. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 6(4), 215-220.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H.T. &amp; Holaday, A.S. (1990). Leaf water content and gas-exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30, 105-111.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Root, R.A., Miller, R.J. &amp; Koeppe, D. (1975). Uptake of cadmium-its toxicity, and effect on the iron ratio in hydroponically grown corn. Journal of Environmental Quality, 4, 473-476.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M. &amp; Marshall, F.M. (2009). Heavy metals in vegetables collected from production and market sites of a tropical urban area of India. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 583-591.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation> Sekabira, K., Oryemndash, H., Mutumba, G., Kakudidi, E. &amp; Basamba, T. (2011). Heavy metal phytoremediation by Commelina benghalensis (L) and Cynodon dactylon (L) growing in urban stream sediments. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 3(8), 133-142.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Singh, R. &amp; Agrawal, M. (2010). Variations in heavy metal accumulation, growth and yield of rice plants grown at different sewage sludge amendment rates. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,73, 632-641.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Suppakul, P., Miltz, J., Sonneveld, K. &amp; Bigger, S.W.(2003). Antimicrobial properties of basil and its possible application in food packaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 3197-3207.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Tiller, K., McLaughlin, M.J. &amp; Roberts, A. (1999). Environmental impacts of heavy metals in agro ecosystems and amelioration strategies in Oceana. Soils and Groundwater Pollution and Remediation: Asia, Africa, and Oceania, 1, 1-41.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation> Torabian, A.&amp; Mahjouri, M. (2002). Heavy metals uptake by vegetable crops irrigated with wastewater in south Tehran. Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(2),52-61. (In Farsi).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Vara Prasad, M.N. &amp; de Oliveira Freitas, H.M. (2003). Metal hyperaccumulation in plants: biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation technology. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 285-321.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Yu, L., WANG, Yb., Xin, G., SU, Yb. &amp; Gang, W.(2006). Risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables around non-ferrous metals mining and smelting sites, Baiyin, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 18, 1124-1134.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Zheljazkov, V.D., Craker, L.E. &amp; Xing, B.(2006). Effects of Cd, Pb, and Cu on growth and essential oil contents in dill, peppermint, and basil. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58, 9-16. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2019.265187.1508</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75455_7a141baf66b19233560eb3fa39f7b24c.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>بررسی اثر محیط کشت و تنظیم‌کننده‌های‎ ‎رشد گیاهی بر‎ ‎ریزازدیادی دو پایه جنس پرونوس ‏(‏‎ CAB 6P‎و ‏JASPI‏)‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>بوذری</surname>
			            <given-names>ناصر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏کرج، ایران ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>شفیعی</surname>
			            <given-names>رامین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج، کرج، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>حسین پور</surname>
			            <given-names>بتول</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، پژوهشکده کشاورزی، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>حسینی</surname>
			            <given-names>سیده سمانه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>کارشناس ارشد مؤسسه تحقیقات باغبانی، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>851</fpage>
			      <lpage>864</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>16</day>
			          <month>09</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>12</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2019</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75455.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75455.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>دو پایه رویشی CAB 6P و JASPI متعلق به جنس Prunus، از لحاظ پاکوتاه بودن بسیار قابل‌توجه می‌باشند. با توجه به اهمیت بالای استفاده از پایه‌های پاکوتاه در تولید تجاری درختان میوه و تکثیر انبوه آنها از طریق کشت بافت، این تحقیق با هدف مطالعه پرآوری، ریشه­زایی و سازگاری این دو پایه و به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی، شامل محیط کشت­های MS و MS½ در ترکیب با غلظت­های مختلف هورمون BA (صفر، 5/0، 1 و 5/1 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و IBA (صفر، 1/0 و 2/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر پرآوری و اثر محیط کشت­های WPM و MS در ترکیب با غلظت­های مختلف هورمون IBA و NAA (صفر، 5/0، 1 و 5/1 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر ریشه­زایی دو پایه CAB 6P و JASPI انجام گرفت. براساس نتایج، محیط کشت MS حاوی یک میلی­گرم در لیتر BA + 2/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA برای مرحله پرآوری هر دو پایه و محیط کشت WPM حاوی 5/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA + 5/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر NAA و محیط کشت WPM حاوی 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA + 5/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر NAA به‏‌‏ترتیب برای ریشه­زایی دو پایه CAB 6P و JASPI توصیه می گردند.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>پایه پاکوتاه</kwd>
						<kwd>کشت بافت گیاهی</kwd>
						<kwd>‏BA</kwd>
						<kwd>‏IBA</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Andreu, P. &amp; Marín, J. A. (2005). In vitro culture establishment and multiplication of the Prunus rootstock ‘Adesoto 101’ (P. insititia L.) as affected by the type of propagation of the donor plant and by the culture medium composition. Scientia Horticulturae, 106(2), 258-267.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Daneshvar Hosseini, A., Ganji Moghadam, E., Kavari Khorasani, S. &amp; Bihamta, M. (2011). Effects of growth regulators on micro propagation of some Mahaleb dwarf genotypes (Prunus mahaleb L.). Archives of Applied Science Research, 3 (1), 118-125.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Debergh, P., Aitken-Christie, J., Cohen, D., Grout, B., Von Arnold, S., Zimmerman, R. &amp; Ziv, M. (1992). Reconsideration of the term ‘vitrification’as used in micropropagation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 30(2), 135-140.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Dejampour, J., Garigurian, V., Majidi, A. &amp; Aliasgharzadeh, N. (2007). Sterilization, establishment and proliferation of some Prunus interspesific hybrids for In vitro culture. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 8 (3), 165-174. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Dejampour, J., Garigurian, V., Majidi, A. &amp; Onsorudi, F. (2010). Evaluation of in vitro rooting of some interspecific hybrids in Prunus genus. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 11 (1), 1-10. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Dorić, D., Ognjanov, V., Ljubojević, M., Barać, G., Dulić, J., Pranjić, A., &amp; Dugalić, K. (2014). Rapid propagation of sweet and sour cherry rootstocks. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 42 (2), 488-494.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Druart, P. (2013). Micropropagation of Prunus species relevant to cherry fruit production. In: M. Lambardi, E.A. Ozudogru &amp; S.M. Jain (Eds). Protocols for micropropagation of selected economically-important horticultural plants. (pp. 119-136). Humana Press, New York.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Dziedzic, E. &amp; Malodobry, M. (2006). Vegetative cherry rootstocks in tissue culture. Scientific Works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Sodininkysté ir Daržininkysté, 25, 77-84.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Edriss, M. H., Baghdadi, G. A., Abd, E. R. &amp; Abdel-Aziz, H. F. (2014). Micropropagation of some peach rootstocks. Nature and Science, 12 (3), 106-114.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Fallahpour, M., Miri, S. M. &amp; Bouzari, N. (2015). Effect of culture medium and growth regulators on micpropogation of CAB-6P rootstock. In: 3rd National Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources, 17June, Mehrarvand Institute of Technology, Tehran, Iran. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Gangi Moghadam, E., Bolandi, A.R. &amp; Anahid, S. (2008). Micropropagation of four selected dwarf mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb L.) genotypes. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 79, 54-61 (in Farsi).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>George, E. F. &amp; Sherrington, P. D. (1984). Plant propagation by tissue culture: handbook and directory of commercial laboratories, Exegetics Ltd. Press, Edington.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>George, E. F., Hall, M. A. &amp; De Klerk, G. J. (2008). Plant growth regulators II: cytokinins, their analogues and antagonists. In: Plant propagation by tissue culture. (pp. 205-226.) Springer Netherlands.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Hosseini, A. D., Moghadam, E. G. &amp; Anahid, S. (2010). Effects of media cultures and plant growth regulators in micropropagation of Gisela 6 rootstock. Annals of Biological Research, 1(2), 135-141.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Izadpanah, M. (2003). The proliferation of Ulmus glabra through in vitro culture. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 16 (1), 66-74. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Izadpanah, M. (2004). The effects of age and growth phase on micropropagation of Prunus avium through in vitro culture. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 64, 63-70. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Kamali, K., Mahidi, E. &amp; Zarghami, R. (2001). Determination of the most suitable culture medium and growth conditions for micropropagation of Gf677 (Hybrid of Almond X Peach) rootstocks. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 17 (3), 234-243 (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Kamali, K., Majidi, E., Zarghami, R. &amp; Arvin, M. J. (2006) Differences in micropropagation of vegetative rootstock (GF677) and other almond seed genotypes. Acta Horticulturae, 726, 199-200.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Karamad, Z., Ganji Moghadam, E. &amp; Bolandi, A. (2013). Effects of culture media and growth regulators on micropropagation of Gisela 6 rootstock. Agricultural Crop Management 16 (2): 339-351. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Lloyd, G. &amp; McCown, B.H. (1980) Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagator’s Society, 30, 421-427.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Mahdavian, M., Bouzari, N. &amp; Abdollahi, H. (2010). Effects of culture media and growth regulators on proliferation and rooting of a vegetative mahlab rootstock (SL-64). Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 26-1 (1), 15-26. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Moubayidin, L., Di Mambro, R. &amp; Sabatini, S. (2009). Cytokinin-auxin crosstalk. Trends in Plant Science, 14, 557-562.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Murashige, T. &amp; Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiology of Plants, 15, 473-97.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Pruski, K. (2007). Tissue culture propagation of Mongolian cherry (Prunus fruticosa L.) and Nanking cherry (Prunus tomentosa L.). In: S. M. Jain, &amp; H. Häggman, (Eds), Protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. (pp. 391-407.) Springer Netherlands.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Pruski, K. W., Lewis, T., Astatkie, T. &amp; Nowak, J. (2000). Micropropagation of Chokecherry and Pincherry cultivars. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 63(2), 93-100.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Reighard, G. L., Ouellette, D. R. &amp; Brock, K. H. (2006). Growth and survival of 20 peach rootstocks and selections in South Carolina. Acta Horticulturae, 713, 269-273.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Rogalski, M., Moraes, L. K. A. D., Felisbino, C., Crestani, L., Guerra, M. P. &amp; Silva, A. L. D. (2003). Acclimatization of micropropagated Prunus sp. rootstocks. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 25(2), 279-281.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Rustaei, M., Nazeri, S., Ghadimzadeh, M., &amp; Hemmaty, S. (2009). Effect of phloroglucinol, medium type and some component on in vitro proliferation of dwarf rootstock of apple (Malus domestica). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11, 193-196.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Ružić, D., Sarić, M., Cerović, R. &amp; Ćulafić, L. (2000). Relationship between the concentration of macroelements, their uptake and multiplication of cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 63 (1), 9-14.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Ružić, D. V. &amp; Vujović, T. I. (2008). The effects of cytokinin types and their concentration on in vitro multiplication of sweet cherry cv. Lapins (Prunus avium L). Horticultural Science, 35(1), 12-21.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Sarropoulou, V., Dimassi-Theriou, K. &amp; Therios, I. (2015). Medium strength in inorganics and PVP concentration effects on cherry rootstocks in vitro rooting. Horticultural Science, 42(4), 185-192.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Sedlak, J., Papertine, F. &amp; Erbenova, M. (2005). In vitro propagation dwarfing sweet cherry rootstock. Acta Horticulturae, 667, 217-222</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Su, Y.H., Liu, Y.B. &amp; Zhang, X.S.H. (2011). Auxin-cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development. Molecular Plant, 4 (4), 616-625.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Tatari Varnosfaderani, M., Mousavi, A. &amp; Bouzari, N. (2012). Micropropagation of some clonal rootstocks of stone fruits. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 28-1 (1), 53-66. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Vertesy, J. 1981. In vitro propagation of Prunus persica and Prunus persico davidiana shoot tip in order to get virus free plants. Acta Horticulturae, 94, 261-266.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Yang, Z.B., Liu, G., Liu, J., Zhang, B., Meng, W., Müller, B., Hayashi, K., Zhang, X., Zhao, Z.H., Smet, I.V. &amp; Ding, Z.H. (2017). Synergistic action of auxin and cytokinin mediates aluminum-induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis. EMBO Reports, 18, 1213-1230.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Zarrouk, O., Aparicio, J., Gogorcena, Y. &amp; Moreno, M.A. (2006). Graft compatibility for new peach rootstocks in nursery. Acta Horticulturae, 713, 327-329. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.259620.1458</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75595_57ed3b4248acb278d9dd1e66607ceef7.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>بهبود برخی صفات رشدی گل ژربرا (‏Gerbera jamesonii‏) با استفاده از تغذیه معدنی در مراحل ‏مختلف رشد گیاه در شرایط تنش شوری</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>عباسی</surname>
			            <given-names>جعفر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری پردیس دانشگاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>حسن پور اصیل</surname>
			            <given-names>معظم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استاد، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>الفتی</surname>
			            <given-names>جمالعلی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>865</fpage>
			      <lpage>878</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>10</day>
			          <month>06</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>29</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75595.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75595.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>این تحقیق به‌منظور کاهش اثر شوری بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گل ژربرا با استفاده از تغذیه شیمیایی در سال 1396 انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‏‌‏صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه عامل تغذیه عناصر معدنی، زمان تغذیه و استفاده از آب شور اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش میزان شوری، کاهش معنی­داری در خصوصیات رشدی به‌ویژه ارتفاع بوته، قطر گل و دمگل، تعداد و سطح برگ، طول ریشه، وزن تر و خشک اندام­های مذکور و غلظت عناصر نیتروژن و کلسیم مشاهده شد. با افزایش سطح شوری آب از ds/m 2 به ds/m 3، مقدار عنصر سیلیسیم نیز از mg/kg 93/0 به mg/kg 98/0 وزن خشک افزایش یافت. مقدار سیلیسیم در تیمارهای کودی 1 گرم NPK در گلدان + محلول­پاشی 1 سیلیکات کلسیم در 100 میلی‌لیتر آب ، 2 گرم NPK در گلدان + محلول­پاشی 5/0 گرم سیلیکات کلسیم در 100 میلی‌لیتر آب و 2 گرم NPK در گلدان + محلول­پاشی 1 گرم سیلیکات کلسیم در 100 میلی­ لیتر آب و در زمان 30 و 45 روز بعد از کاشت بیشترین مقدار بود و با تاخیر کوددهی به 60 روز بعد از کاشت مقدار سیلیسیم برگ، کاهش نشان داد. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد تغذیه با کودهای NPK، کلسیم و سیلیسیم توانست سبب حفظ رشد گیاه در شرایط شوری شوند حتی در برخی تیمارها، سبب افزایش رشد نسبت به شاهد گردد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>پتاسیم</kwd>
						<kwd>سیلیسیم</kwd>
						<kwd>عناصر پر مصرف</kwd>
						<kwd>قطر گل</kwd>
						<kwd>گلدهی</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Abbasi, N.A., Zahoor, S. &amp; Nazir, K. (2004). Effect of preharvest phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and postharvest AgNO3 pulsing on the postharvest quality and shelf life Zinnia (Zinnia elegans cv. Blue point) cut flowers. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 6(1), 129-131.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Al-Yassin, A. )2004(. Influence of salinity on citruce: A review paper. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 5, 236-272.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Bayat, H., Alirazaie, M., Neamati, H. &amp; Abdollahi Saadabad, A. (2013). Effect of silicon on growth and ornamental traits of salt-stressed calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Journal of Ornamental Plants. 3(4), 207-214.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Chang, L., Wu, Y., Xu, W.W., Nikbakht, A. &amp; Xia, Y.P. (2012). Effects of calcium and humic acid treatment on the growth and nutrient uptake of Oriental lily. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(9), 2218-2222.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Colla, G., Rouphael, Y., Rea, E. &amp; Cardarelli, M. (2012). Grafting cucumber plants enhance tolerance to sodium chloride and sulfate salinization. Scientia Horticulturae, 135, 177-185.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Damunupola, J.W., Qian, T., Muusers, R., Joyce, D.C., Irving, D.E. &amp; Van Meeteren, U. (2010). Effect of S-carvone on vase life parameters of selected cut flower and foliage species. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 55, 66-69.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>De Capdeville, G., Maffia, L.A., Finger, F.L. &amp; Batista, U.G. (2005). Pre-harvest calcium sulfate applications affect vase life and severity of gray mold in cut roses. Scientia Horticulture, 103, 329-338.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Dolatkhahi, A., Shour, M., Vahdati, N. &amp; Golestani, M.A. (2014). The response of cut flowers of lisianthus to the form of nitrogen and different levels of nutrition nickel in nutrient solution. The First National Conference of Ornamental Plant of Iran. 21 and 22 Oct., Karaj. 451-454. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Gorji, M., Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. &amp; Zahedi, M. (2009). Safflower reaction to salinity and the role of calcium concentration in increasing plant tolerance in hydroponic culture. First National Hydroponics Congress and Greenhouse Products. 28 to 30 Oct., Isfahan. 436-437. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Hassanvand, F., Rezaei Nejad, A. &amp; Feizian, M. (2017). Effect of silicic acid on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Pelargonium graveolens L. under CaCl2 salinity stress. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology). 30(2), 467-475. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Heidari Sharifabad, H. (2001). Plant and salinity. Publications of the Institute of Forest and Research, Tehran, 199 p. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Jalili Marandi, R. (2010). Physiology of iInvironmental stresses and resistance mechanisms in garden plants (fruit trees, vegetables, ornamental plants and medicinal plants). First edition, Urmia University Press. 270p. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Jungklang, J., Usui, K. &amp; Matsumoto, H. (2003). Differences in physiological responses to NaCl between salt-tolerant Sesbania rostrata Brem. &amp; Oberm. and non-tolerant Phaseolus vulgaris L. Weed Biology and Management, 3, 21-27.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Jung Sup, L., Jonghan, P. &amp; KyeongSuk, H. (2000). Effects of potassium silicate on growth, photosynthesis, and inorganic ion absorption in cucumber hydroponics. Korean Society Horticultural Sciences, 41, 480-484.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Ibrahim, K.M., Collins, J.C. &amp; Collin, H.A. (1991). Effect of salinity on growth and inonic composition of Coleus blumei and Salvia splendens. Horticultural Sciences, 66(2), 215-222.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Kader, A.A. (2002). Postharvest technology of horticultural crops. University of Clifornia, Agriculture and Natual Resources, Publication.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Kamenidou, S., Cavins, T.J. &amp; Marek, S. (2010). Silicon supplements affect floricultural quality traits and elemental nutrient concentrations of greenhouse produced gerbera. Scientia Horticulturae, 123, 390-394.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Karimi, H., Abdol Zadeh, A. &amp; Sadeghipour, H.R. (2009). Effects of potassium nutrition on Sesbania aculeate plants grown in greenhouse under salinity. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 15(6), 65-77. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Khosa, S.S., Younis, A., Rayit, A., Yasmeen, Sh. &amp; Riaz, A. 2011. Effect of foliar application of macro and micro nutrients on growth and flowering of Gerbera jamesonii L. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture &amp; Environmental Sciences, 11 (5), 736-757</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second Edition, Academic Press, London, pp. 100-150.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Mateos-Naranjo, E., Andrade's-Moreno, L. &amp; Davy, A.J. (2013). Silicon alleviates deleterious effects of high salinity on the halophytic grass Spartina densiflora. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 63, 115-121.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Mirabassi Najafabadi, N., Nikbakht, A., Etemadi, N.A. &amp; Sabzalian, M.R. (2013). Effect of different concentrations of potassium silicate, nano-SiO2 and calcium chloride on potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations, chlorophyll content index and number of lilium flowers of 'Brunello”. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Crops, 4(14), 41-49. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Mirmohammadi Meybodi, S.M. &amp; Qarajazi, B. (2003). Physiological aspects and vegetative salinity stress of plants. Publication of Isfahan University of Technology. Esfahan. 288 p. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Moyer, C., Peres, N.A., Datnoff, L.E., Simonne, E.H. &amp; Deng, Z. (2010). Evaluation of silicon for managing powdery mildew on gerbera Daisy. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 2131-2144.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Nair, S.A., Singh, V. &amp; Sharma, T.V. (2003). Effect of chemical preservatives on enhancing vase-life of gerbera flowers. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 41, 56-58.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Oki, L.R. &amp; Lieth, J.H. (2004). Effect of changes in substrate salinity on the elongation of Rosa hybrida L. 'Kardinal' stems. Scientia Horticulturae, 101, 103-119.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Pei, Z.F., Ming, D.F., Liu, D., Wan, G.L., Geng, X.X., Gong, H.J. &amp; Zhou, W.J. (2009). Silicon improves the tolerance to water-deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 29(1), 106-115.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Razmjoo, K., Heydarizadeh, P. &amp; Sabzalian, M.R. (2008). Effect of salinity and drought stresses on growth parameters and essential oil content of Matricaria chamomila. International Journal of Agriculture &amp; Biology, 10,451-454.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Robichaux, M. (2008). The effect of calcium or silicon on potted miniature roses or Poinsettias. M.Sc. Thesis, Agricultural and Mechanical College, Louisiana State University.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Shen, X., Zhou, Y., Duan, L., Li, Z., Eneji, A.E. &amp; Li, J. (2010). Silicon effects on photosynthesis and antioxidant parameters of soybean seedlings under drought and ultraviolet-B radiation. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167(15), 1248-1252.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Sun, Q., Na Zhang, N., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Li, D., Shi, J., Li, R., Weeda, S., Zhao, B., Ren, S. &amp; Guo, Y.D. (2014). Melatonin promotes ripening and improves quality of tomato fruit during postharvest life. Journal of Experimental Botany, 28, 1-12</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Tester, M. &amp; Devenport, R. (2003). Na+ tolerance Na+ transport in higher plants. Annalitic Botany, 91, 503-527.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Torkashvand, A. &amp; Shirghaani, F. (2015). The effect of salinity modification of irrigation water salinity on growth and post-harvest germination time of gerbera by calcium chloride and potassium silicate. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Crops, 6(23), 135-149. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Vaughan, J.G. &amp; Judd, P.A. (2003). The Oxford Book of Health Foods. Oxford University Press. 116p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Waling, I., Van Vark, W., Houba, V.J.J. &amp; Vanderlee, J.J. (1989). Soil and plant analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7, Plant analysis procedures. Wageningen Agricultural University. 152p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Yang, Z.F., Cao, S.F., Su, X.G. &amp; Jiang, Y.M. (2014). Respiratory activity and mitochondrial membrane associatied with fruit senescence in postharvest peaches in response to UV-C treatment. Food Chemistry, 161, 16-21.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Yurtseven, E., Kesmez, G.D. &amp; Nlukara, A.U. (2005). The effects of water salinity and potassium levels on yield, fruit quality and water consumption of a native central Anatolian tomato species (Lycopersicon esculantum). Agricultural Water Management, 78, 128-135. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.261490.1472</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75597_0b6aaeb3150d108bb35982548a7933ca.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و کودهای با بنیان نانو بر صفات کمی و کیفی زعفران در منطقه گیلان</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>هاشم آبادی</surname>
			            <given-names>داود</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ظهیری برسری</surname>
			            <given-names>سمانه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>زارع دوست</surname>
			            <given-names>فاطمه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>جدید سلیماندارابی</surname>
			            <given-names>مریم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c5">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فیضی</surname>
			            <given-names>حسن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده‌ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>879</fpage>
			      <lpage>890</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>01</day>
			          <month>08</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>11</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75597.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75597.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به منظور بررسی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) تحت تأثیر نانو کود کامل (0 (K0)، 5  (K1) و 10 (K2) میلی­گرم در لیتر)، نانو لوله کربن (0 (L0) و 2 (L1) میلی­گرم در لیتر) و تاریخ­های مختلف کاشت (25 مرداد (T1)، 5 شهریور (T2) و 15 شهریور (T3)) آزمایشی  به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد تأخیر در تاریخ کاشت به­همراه کاربرد نانو کودها موجب افزایش صفات کمی و کیفی زعفران شد و &quot;L1K1T3&quot; در صفات طول دوره گل‏‌‏دهی (66/14 روز)، تعداد گل (033/4 عدد)، وزن تر کلاله (0488/0 میلی­گرم)، وزن خشک کلاله (022/0 میلی­گرم)، سافرانال، پیکروکروسین و کروسین (به­ترتیب با 56/44، 13/81 و 33/188 حداکثر جذب در طول موج مشخص بر اساس ماده خشک حداقل) برترین تیمار بود و در تمام صفات مذکور، به جز پیکروکروسین، تفاوت معنی­داری با &quot;&quot;L1K2T3 نداشت. بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ متعلق به سه تیمار &quot;L1K2T3&quot;، &quot;L1K2T2&quot; و &quot;L1K1T3&quot; بود. به‏‌‏طورکلی می­توان گفت که کاربرد نانوکودها با فراهمی مناسب عناصر غذایی و کاشت بنه­ها در شهریور با فراهم نمودن رطوبت و دمای مناسب برای رشد، موجب بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی زعفران در این منطقه شد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>پیکروکروسین</kwd>
						<kwd>سافرانال</kwd>
						<kwd>صفات رویشی</kwd>
						<kwd>کروسین</kwd>
						<kwd>کود نانو‏</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Amiri, M.E. (2008). Impact of animal manures and chemical fertilizers on yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural &amp; Environmental Sciences, 4(3), 274-279.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Asadi, G., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. &amp; Hassanzadeh Aval, F. (2014). Effects of soil and foliar applications of nutrients on corm growth and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in six-year-old farm. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 2(1), 31-44. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Baghai, N. &amp; Maleki Farahani, S. (2014). Comparison of nano and micro chelated iron fertilizers on quantitative yield and assimilates allocation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research, 2(1), 156-169. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Baruah, S. &amp; Dutta, J. (2009). Nanotechnology applications in sensing and pollution degradation in agriculture: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 7, 191-204.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Behdani, M.A. &amp; Fallahi, H.R. (2015). Saffron: Technical Knowledge Based on Research Approaches. University of Birjand Press. pp. 411. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Behdani, M.A., Koochaki, A., Nassiri Mahalati, M. &amp; Rezvani Moghadam, P. (2005). Evaluation of quantitative relationships between saffron yield and nutrition (on farm trial). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 3(1), 1-14. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Behnia, M.R. (2012). Saffron: History, botany, chemistry, production. University of Tehran Press, pp. 506.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Benzon, H.R.L., Rubenecia, M.R.U., Ultra, V.U. &amp; Lee, S.C. (2015). Nano fertilizer affects the growth development and chemical properties of rice. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research, 7 (1), 105-117.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Cavusoglu, A., Erkel, E.I. &amp; Sülüsglu, M. (2009). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) studies with two mother corm dimensions on yield and harvest period under greenhouse condition. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3, 126-129.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Chaji, N., Khorassani, R., Astaraei, A. &amp; Lakzian, A. (2014). Effect of phosphorous and nitrogen on vegetative growth and production of daughter corms of saffron. Journal of Saffron Research, 1(1), 1-12. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Davoody, N., Seghatoleslami, M.J., Mousavi, G.R. &amp; Azari Nasrabad, A. (2013). The effect of foliar application of nano-zinc oxide on yield and water use efficiency of foxtail millet in drought stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 6(1), 37-46. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>DeRosa, M.R., Monreal, C., Schnitzer, M., Walsh, R. &amp; Sultan, Y. (2010). Nanotechnology in fertilizers. Nature Nanotechnology, 5, 91.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Ghobadi, F., Ghorbani Javid, M. &amp; Sorooshzadeh, A. (2015). Effects of planting date and corm size on flower yield and physiological traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under varamin plain climatic conditions. Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 2 (4), 265-276. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Heydari, Z., Besharati, H. &amp; Maleki Farahani, S. (2014). Effect of some chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of saffron. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 2(3), 177-189. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Hosseini, M., Sadeghian, B. &amp; Aghamiri S.A. (2004). Influence of foliar fertilization on yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Acta Horticulturae, 650, 207-209.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Institute of Standard &amp; Industrial Research Organization of Iran. 1993. Saffron – Specification, No. 259-2. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Khodakovskaya, M., Dervishi, E., Yang Xu, M., Li, Zh., Watanabe, F. &amp; Biris, S.A. (2009). Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and dramatically affect seed germination and plant growth. ACS Nano (ACS Publications), 3(10), 3221-3227.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Koocheki, A., Jahani, M., Tabrizi, L. &amp; Mohamadabadi, A. (2011). Evaluation of biological and chemical fertilizer and corms density on flower yield and characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Water and Soil, 25 (1), 206-196.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Koocheki, V., Jahani, M., Tabrizi, L. &amp; Mohammadabadi, A.A. (2011). Investigation on the effect of biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer and plant density on yield and corm criteria of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Water and Soil, 25 (1), 196-206. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Mazumdar, B.C. &amp; Majumdar, K. (2003). Methods on physicochemical analysis of fruits. Daya Publishing House, 187p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Mohammadi Mirik, A.A., Saeidi, Gh. A. &amp; Rezaei A.A.M. (2009). Interaction effects of planting date with seeding rate on agronomic traits of different genotypes of flax. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(1), 221-230. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Mohammadi, S. &amp; Azizi, M. (2015). Effects of different levels of Farmax® nano fertilizer and foliar spraying time on growth and effective substance of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Journal of Horticulture Science, 28 (4), 435-145. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Molina, R.V., Garcia-Luis, A., Valero, M., Navarro, Y. &amp; Guardiola, J.L. (2004). Extending the harvest period of saffron. Acta Horticulturae, 650, 219-225.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Mondal, A., Basu, R., Das, S. &amp; Nandy, P. (2011). Beneficial role of carbon nanotubes on mustard plant growth: an agricultural prospect. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13, 4519-4528.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Naderi Darbaghshahi, M.R., Khajebashi, S.M., Banitaba, S.A.R. &amp; Dehdashti, S.M. (2008). Effects of planting method, density and depth on yield and production period of saffron (Crocus sativusL.) in Isfahan region. Seed and Plant Improvment Journal, 24 (4), 643-657. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Naderi, M.R. &amp; Danesh Shahraki, A. (2013). Nanofertilizers and their roles in sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science, 5 (19), 2229-2232.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Naderian Far, M., Ansary, H., Azizi, M. &amp; Ziaei, A.N. (2015). Effect of deficit irrigation and fertilization on yield and yield components of basil in two soil textures. Journal Water Research in Agriculture, 29(3), 353-366. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Naghdi Badi, H., Omidi, H., Golzad, A., Torabi, H. &amp; Fotookian, M.H. (2011). Change in crocin, safranal and picrocrocin content and agronomical characters of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under biological and chemical of phosphorous fertilizers. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4 (40), 58-68. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Nalwade, A.R. &amp; Bonawate, G.S. (2014). Carbon nanomaterials stimulate the growth of onion (Allium cepa L.) var. Phule Suvarana. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research, 4(2), 862-869.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Omidbaigi, R. (2011). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Beh Nashr Publications Mashhad, Vol. 2, pp. 438. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Pazoki, A., Karaminejad, M &amp; Foladi Targhi, A. (2011). Effects of planting dates and genotypes on yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Natanz region. Crop Physiology, 2(8), 3-12.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Rashidi, S. (2012). Nanofertilizer in the environment. In: Proceedings 1th Nano Technology and its Application in Agriculture and Natural Resources Conference, 15-16 May, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran, pp. 1-7. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Koocheki, A., Molafilabi, A. &amp; Seyyedi, M. (2013). Effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on replacement corm and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 15 (3), 234-246. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Rostami, M. &amp; Mohammadi, H. (2013). Effects of planting date and corm density on growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under Malayer climatic conditions. Agroecology, 5(1), 27-38. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Sadeghi, S.M., Dehnadi-Moghaddam, G. &amp; Dooroodian, H. (2014). Evaluation of effects of date, depth and corm sowing distance on corms growth and stigma yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Langarood, Guilan province. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology, 2(2), 45-54. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Saiedirad, M.H. &amp; Mokhtarian, A. (2009). The Hand book of saffron production. TAK Publication, pp. 103.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Sarmadnia, Gh. &amp; Koocheki, A. (1987). Physiology of crop plants. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press, pp. 400. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Tiwari, D.K.N., Villasen, L.M., Villegas, J., Carreto Montoya, L. &amp; Borjas Garcıa, S.E. (2014). Interfacing carbon nanotubes (CNT) with plants: Enhancement of growth, water and ionic nutrient uptake in maize (Zea mays) and implications for nano agriculture. Applied Nanoscience, 4, 577-591.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Tripathi, S., Sonkar, S.K. &amp; Sarkar, S. (2011). Growth stimulation of cheakpea (Cicer arietinum) plant by water soluble carbon nanotubes. Nanoscale,3, 1176-1181.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Villagarcia, H., Dervishi, E., Silva, K., Biris, A.S. &amp; Khodakovskaya, M.V. (2012). Surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes impacts the growth and expression of water channel protein in tomato plants. Small, 8, 2328-2334. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201102661.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, H.F., Wang, J., Deng, X.Y., Sun, H.F., Shi, Z.J., Gu, Z.N., Liu, Y.F. &amp; Zhao, Y.L. (2004). Bio distribution of carbon single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice. Journal of Nanoscience &amp; Nanotechnology, 4, 1019-1024.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation> _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2019.267688.1522</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75596_6a7d39484bc25379fcc69579e0c0ced3.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>مقایسه‎ ‎خصوصیات‎ ‎کمی‎ ‎وکیفی‎ ‎ژنوتیپ‎ ‎امیدبخش‎ ‎مشهد-86‏‎ ‎با‎ ‎برخی‎ ‎رقم‌های‎ ‎زودرس‎ ‎گیلاس</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>گنجی مقدم</surname>
			            <given-names>ابراهیم</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>جلالی</surname>
			            <given-names>آرزو</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری،‌ دانشگاه‌آزاد ‌اسلامی،‌ واحد‎ ‎‏‌بجنورد، خراسان شمالی،‌ ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ایروانی</surname>
			            <given-names>ابوالفضل</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>کارشناس مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏مشهد، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>بینا</surname>
			            <given-names>سیما</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>کارشناس مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏مشهد، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>879</fpage>
			      <lpage>887</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>06</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2019</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75596.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75596.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور مطالعه خصوصیات کمی وکیفی رقم‌ها و ژنوتیپ های زودرس گیلاس (عدلی، دلامارکا، پیش­رس، سیاه قزوین، ژنوتیپ مشهد-84 و ژنوتیپ مشهد-86) آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد شروع گلدهی ژنوتیپ امیدبخش مشهد-86 در مقایسه با سایر رقم‌های که یک هفته زودتر (هفته اول فروردین) بود و میوه­ی آن در دهه سوم اردیبهشت‌ماه آماده برداشت بود. متوسط وزن میوه ژنوتیپ امیدبخش مشهد- 86 (26/6 گرم) در مقایسه با عدلی (9/4 گرم)، سیاه قزوین (7/3 گرم)، پیش­رس (26/4 گرم)، دلامارکا (8/3 گرم) و مشهد-84 (06/6 گرم) بالاتر بود. رقم پیش‌رس (73/19 درصد) و ژنوتیپ امیدبخش مشهد-86 (16/18 درصد) از بیشترین مواد جامد محلول برخوردار بودند. بیشترین و کمترین میزان عملکرد به‌‏‌‏ترتیب متعلق به رقم پیش‌رس با میانگین 21 کیلوگرم در هر درخت و سیاه قزوین با میانگین 12کیلوگرم در هر درخت بود. رقم‌های زودرس به‌دلیل فصل رشد کوتاه معمولاً اندازه میوه، کوچک­تر داشتند. ژنوتیپ امیدبخش مشهد- 86 با متوسط وزن میوه و درصد مواد جامد محلول بالاتر، دارای ارزش اقتصادی و بازارپسندی بیشتربود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>درصد مواد جامد محلول</kwd>
						<kwd>زمان رسیدن</kwd>
						<kwd>عملکرد</kwd>
						<kwd>متوسط وزن میوه</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Ahmadi Moghaddam, H., Ganji Moghaddam, A. &amp; Akhavan, Sh. (2012(. Evaluation quality and quantity characteristic some of promising genotypes sweet cherry. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 2,1-28. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Bandi, A., Thiesz, R., Ferencz, L. &amp; Bandi, M. J. (2010). Some physical and biochemical compositions of the sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit. Acta Univers Itatis Sapientiae Agriculture and Environment, 16-25.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Blazkova, J., Drahosova, H. &amp; Hlusickova, I. (2010). Tree vigor, cropping, and phenology of sweet cherries in two systems of tree training on dwarf root stocks. HortScience, 37, 127-138.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Cordiro, L., Morales, M.R., Bartolo, A.J. &amp; Ortiz, J.M. (2008). Morphological characterization of sweet and sourcherry cultivars in a germplasm bank at Portugal. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55, 593-601.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Crisosto, C.H., Crisosto, G.M. &amp; Ritenour, M.A. (2002). Testing there liability of skin color asanindicator of quality for early season “Brooks” (Prunus avium L.) cherry. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 24,147-154.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>FAOSTAT. (2016). Agricultural Statistical Database.From:http://faostat.fao.org.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Ganji Moghaddam, E., Ahmadi Moghaddam, H. &amp; Piri, S. (2013). Genetic environmental conditions variation of selected Siah Mashhad sweet cherry genotypes grown under Mashhad in Iran. Journal Crop Breeding, 3(1), 45-5. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Ganji Moghaddam, A., Bozari, N., Kavand, A. A., Irvani, A., Akhavan, SH., Bina, S. &amp; Goharkhai, SH. (2017). Adli a new precocious cultivar with desirable size and quality. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops, 6(2),123-132. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Ganji Moghaddam, A. &amp; Hoshyar, Z. (2014). Introduced some of phenology, morphology and pomology Stell a sweet cherry cultivar under city Mashhad. Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops, 3(4),255-265. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Ganji Moghaddam, A., Momeni, M., Bozari, N. &amp; Asgharzade, A. (2014). Effect of pollination on fruits etande valuation of phenological, pomological and morphological characteristics of some intraduced sweet cherry cultivars under Khorasan Razavi Province. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal,3,1-30. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Garcia Montial, Serrano, F., Martinez-Romero, D. &amp; Alburquerque, N. (2010). Factors influencing fruitset and quality in different sweet cherry cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4), 1118-1128.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Gjamovski, Kiprijanovski, V. M. &amp; Arsov, T. (2016). Evaluation of some varieties grafted on Gisela 5 root stock. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 40, 737-745.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Hjalmarsson, I. &amp; Ortiz, R. (2000). In situ and exsitu assessment of morphological and fruit variationin Scan dinavian sweet cherry. Science Horticulturae, 85, 37-49.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Janes, H., Ardel, P., Kahu, K., Kelt, K. &amp; Kikas, A. (2010). Some biological properties and fruit quality parameters of new sweet cherry cultivars and per spective selection. Agronomy Research, 8, 583-588.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Karlidag, H., Ercisli, S., Sengul, M. &amp; Tosun, M. (2009). Physico-chemicaldiversityin sweet cherries (Prunus aviumL.) fruits of wild-growing. Biotechnology &amp; Biotechnological Equipment, 23(3), 280-285.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Lezzoni, A. F., Schmidt, H. &amp; Albertini, A. (1991). Cherries. In: J. R. Ballington (Ed), Genetic researcher of temperate fruit and nut fruit crop. International Society for Horticulture Science (ISHS), Wageningen, Netherland. pp. 109-175.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Li, B., Xie, Z., Zhang, A., Xu, W., Zhang, C., Liu, Q., Liu, C. &amp; Wang, S. (2010). Tree growth characteristic sand flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) under different climate condition sin China. Hort Science, 37(1), 6-13.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Looney, N.E., Webster, A.D. &amp; Kuppermane, M. (1996). Harvest and handing sweet cherries for the fresh market. In: Cherries, crop physiology, production and uses. Cambridge, CAB International. pp: 411-441.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Maliga, P. (1980). Fertility of sourcherry hybrids. MezogazdasagiKiado Budapest, 223-228.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Martinez Romero, D., Alburquerque, N., Valverde, J. M., Guillén, F., Castillo, S., Valero, D., &amp; Serrano, M. (2006). Postharvest sweet cherry quality and safety maint enance by Aloevera treatment a new edible coating. Postharvest Biotechnology, 39, 93-100.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Milatovic, D., Nikolic, D., Rakonjac, V. &amp; Fotiric-Aksic, M. (2010). Cross incompatibility in apricot (Prunus armenica L.). Journal of Horticultural Science &amp; Biotechnology, 85(5), 394-398.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Perez-Sanchez, R., Gomez-Sanchez, M. A. &amp; Morasel. Corts, R. (2010). Description and quality evaluation of sweet cherries cultivars in Spain. Journal of Food Quality, 33, 490-506.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Rasulzadegan, Y. (1996). Pomology in temperate regions. Isfahan University of Technology Publisher, Isfahan. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>San Martino, L., Manavella, F.A., Garcia, D. A. &amp; Salato, G. (2008). Phenology and fruit quality of nine sweet cherry cultivars in South Patagonia. Acta Horticulturae, 795-801.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Schmidth, H., Christensen, J.V., Watkins, R. &amp; Smith, R.A. (1985). Cherry descriptors. International Board of Plant Genetic Resources Rome and the commission of European Communities, Brussels. Rome, pp 32.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Simon, G., Herotko, K. &amp; Magyar, L. (2004). Fruit quality of sweet cherry cultivars grafted on four different root stocks. International Symposium on Rootstocks for Deciduous Fruit Tree Species. Acta Horticulturae, 658.53</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Tzonev, R. &amp; Yamaguchi, M. (1997). Investigations on some fareast Prunus species: Phenology. Acta Horticulturae, 488, 239-242.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>UPOV. (2008). Protocol for distinctness, uniformity and stability test. Sweet cherry community plant variety office. CPVO-TP/07/02.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Vangdal, E. (1985). Quality criteria for fruit for fresh consumption. Acta Agriculture, 35, 41-47.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>West Wood, M. N. (1993). Temperate Zone Pomology. (3rded.). Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA. 535p.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Yuliang, C., Shan, L., Yiping, C., Guifang, Z. &amp; Runmin, F. (2005). Determination and analysis of main fruit in clusions of different varieties of Prunus avium L. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 25(2), 304-310. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2019.261187.1486</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75598_7805da2f35584209d172b623086fee1d.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر کودهای نیتروژن و بور بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر معدنی میوه کارلا (‏Momordica charantia ‎L.‎‏)‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>حسن زاده</surname>
			            <given-names>علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>حیدری</surname>
			            <given-names>مصطفی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>خوش قلب</surname>
			            <given-names>حسن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>قربانی قوژدی</surname>
			            <given-names>حسن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>مربی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>901</fpage>
			      <lpage>909</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>28</day>
			          <month>07</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>14</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2019</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75598.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75598.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر عناصر غذایی نیتروژن و بور بر برخی ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی گیاه کارلا (Momordica charantia L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شاهرود اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل عامل اول کود نیتروژن در سه سطح (75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن درهکتار از منبع اوره) و عامل دوم محلول­پاشی بور درچهار سطح (صفر، یک، دو و سه گرم در لیتر اسید بوریک) بودند. نتایج نشان داد نیتروژن تأثیر مثبت و معنی‏‌‏داری بر تعداد گل­ها، تعداد بذر سالم در میوه و عناصر نیتروژن و پتاسیم در بافت میوه داشت. بیشترین میزان فسفر بافت میوه در تیمار 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن به دست آمد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد محلول­پاشی بور تا غلظت دو گرم در لیتر، بیشترین تأثیر را بر صفات تعداد گل در بوته (46/96)، تعداد بذر سالم در میوه (36/36)، کاهش تعداد بذر پوک در میوه (07/2) و افزایش میزان عنصر نیتروژن (11/10 درصد) در بافت میوه بر جا گذاشت. بیشترین عملکرد میوه در بوته و وزن هزاردانه نیز در تیمار کاربرد هم­زمان 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و دو گرم در لیتر بور حاصل شد و کمترین مقدار این صفات مربوط به تیمار 75 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و عدم محلول­پاشی بور بود. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن به همراه محلول­پاشی دو گرم در لیتر اسید بوریک تأثیر بیشتری بر عملکرد میوه و غلظت عناصر معدنی در میوه کارلا داشت.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>اسید بوریک</kwd>
						<kwd>اوره</kwd>
						<kwd>تغذیه معدنی</kwd>
						<kwd>کارلا (‏Momordicacharantia‏)‏</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Abou-Aly, H. E., Mady, M. A. &amp; Moussa, S. A. M. (2006). Interaction effect between phosphate dissolving ‎microorganisms and boron on squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) growth, endogenous phytohormones and fruit yield. ‎Environmental Sciences, 1, 751-774‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Aduayi, E. A. (1978). Role of boron on growth components and elemental composition of‏ ‏the plum tomato. ‎Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Journal, 9, 1-11‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Ali, N., Rahman, M. &amp; Hussain, S. A. (1995). Response of Momordica charantia L. (Bitter gourd) cultivars ‎to nitrogen levels. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 11, 585-589. ‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Akter, P. &amp; Rahman, M. (2013). Effect of foliar application of IAA and GA on sex expression, yield ‎attributes and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Chittagong University Journal of Biological ‎Sciences, 5, 55-62‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Baker, A. S. &amp; Cook, R. L. (1959). Greenhouse studies on alfalfa with soil type, soil reaction and borax ‎fertilization as variables. Agronomy Journal, 51, 1-4‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Beigi, S., ‏Golchin, A. &amp; Shafiei, S. (2011). The effects of different levels of nitrogen and molybdenum in ‎nutrient solution on quantitative and qualitative traits and nitrate concentration of cucumber in hydroponic ‎culture. Journal of Science and Technology of‏ ‏Greenhouse Culture, 6, 37-49‎‏.‏‎ (In Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Camacho-Cristóbal, J. J. &amp; González-Fontes, A. (2007). Boron deficiency decreases plasmalemma H+-‎ATPase expression and nitrate uptake, and promotes ammonium assimilation into asparagine in tobacco roots. ‎Planta, 226, 443-451‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Davis, J. M., Sanders, D. C., Nelson, P. V., Lengnick, L. &amp; Sperry, W. J. (2003). Boron improves growth, ‎yield, quality, and nutrient content of tomato. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128, ‎‎441-446‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Dell, B. &amp; Huang, L. (1997). Physiological response of plants to low boron. Plant and Soil, 193, 103-120‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Fatemi Naghdeh, H. &amp; Sorooshzadeh, A. (2002). Effects of planting date and sprayed nitrogen and boron ‎reproductive stage on soybean yield and yield components. In: Proceedings of The Seventh Set of Crop Science ‎Congress‏ ‏of Iran, Karaj, pp. 233. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Feijuan, W. &amp; Cheng, Z. (2012). Effects of nitrogen and light intensity on tomato (Lycopersicon‎ esculentum Mill) production under soil water control. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 4408-‎‎4415‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Goldberg, S. (1997). Reactions of boron with soils. Plant and Soil, 193, 35-48‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Hamid Moghaddam, A. (2006). Effect of elemental spraying on fruit formation and some quantitative and ‎qualitative traits of medical gum. M. Sc. Thesis in Horticulture. University of Tehran. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Heidari, M. &amp; Mobasri Moghadam, M. (2014). Effects of amount and timing of nitrogen ‎application on yield production and quantitative charcteristics of karela (Momordica charantia‎ L.). Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants, 66 (4), 591-599. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Herrera-Rodríguez, M. B., González-Fontes, A., Rexach, J., Camacho-Cristóbal, J. J., Maldonado, J. M. &amp; ‎Navarro-Gochicoa, M. T. (2010). Role of boron in vascular plants and response mechanisms to boron stresses. ‎Plant Stress, 4, 115-122‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Hossain, M., Jahiruddin, M. &amp; Khatun, F. (2011). Effect of boron on yield and mineral nutrition of mustard ‎‎(Brassica napus). Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 36, 63-73‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Islam, S., Jalaluddin, ‏M. &amp; Hettiarachchy, N. S. (2011). Bio-active compounds of bitter melon genotypes ‎‎(Momordica charantia L.) in relation to their physiological functions. Functional Foods in Health and ‎Disease, 1, 61-74‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Khalid, K. A. (2013). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on morphological and biochemical traits of some ‎apiaceae crops under arid region conditions in Egypt. BioScience, 5, 15-21‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Liu, P., Yang, Y., Xu, G., Fang, Y., Yang, Y. &amp; Kalin, R. (2005). The effect of molybdenum and boron in ‎soil on the growth and photosynthesis of three soybean varieties. Plant Soil Environment, 51, 197-205‎‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>.‏Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants 2nd edition. Academic, Great Britain.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Marschner, H. &amp; Rimmington, G. (1996). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Wiley Online Library‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Ng'etich, O. K., Niyokuri, A. N., Rono, J. J., Fashaho, A. &amp; Ogweno, J. O. (2013). Effect of different rates of ‎nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo cv. Diamant L.) hybrid F1 in Rwandan ‎high altitude zone. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 5, 54-62‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Papadakis, I., Dimassi, K. &amp; Therios, I. (2003). Response of two citrus genotypes to six boron ‎concentrations: concentration and distribution of nutrients, total absorption, and nutrient use efficiency. Crop ‎and Pasture Science, 54, 571-580‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Ruiz, J. M., Baghour, M., Bretones, ‏G., Belakir, A. &amp; Romero, L. (1998). Nitrogen metabolism in tobacco ‎plants (Nicotianatabacum L.): Role of boron as a possible regulatory factor. International Journal of Plant ‎Sciences, 159, 121-126‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Shelp, B. (1988). Boron mobility and nutrition in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italic). Annals of ‎Botany, 61, 83-91‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Shi, M. ‎&amp;‎ Cheng, R. (2004). Effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (Momordica charantia L.) ‎yield and quality, and polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves. Chinese Journal of Applied ‎Ecology, 15(1), 77-80.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Warington, K. (1923). The effect of boric acid and borax on the broad bean and certain other plants. ‎Annals of Botany, 37, 629-672‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Will, S., Eichert, T., Fernández, V., Möhring, J., Müller, T. &amp; Römheld, V. (2011). Absorption and mobility ‎of foliar-applied boron in soybean as affected by plant boron status and application as a polyol complex. ‎Plant and Soil, 344, 283-293‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Yoldas, F., Ceylan, S., Yagmur, B. &amp; Mordogan, N. (2008). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on‏ ‏yield quality ‎and nutrient content in broccoli. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 1333-1343‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Zasoski, R., &amp; Burau, R. (1977). A rapid nitric‐perchloricacid digestion methodfor multi‐element tissueanalysis. Communicationsin Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 8(5), 425-436.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation> _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2019.270202.1544</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75599_bf48619e42fbb58c43849f6e151a6f92.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>" اثر تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک بر تحمل به یخ زدگی زمستانه در انگور رقم شاهانی"</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>عبادی</surname>
			            <given-names>علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>عباسی کاشانی</surname>
			            <given-names>اسماء</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فتاحی مقدم</surname>
			            <given-names>محمدرضا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>شکرپور</surname>
			            <given-names>مجید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>911</fpage>
			      <lpage>933</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>24</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>15</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2019</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75599.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75599.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک ‌در افزایش تحمل یخ‌زدگی در انگور رقم‌ شاهانی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل‌در قالب طرح ‌بلوک‌های کامل‌تصادفی با سه‌تکرار انجام شد. عامل‌اول اسیدسالیسیلیک در سه ‌سطح (صفر، 5/0و ۱ میلی‌مولار)، عامل‌دوم زمان محلول‌پاشی در چهار سطح (مرحله رنگ‌گیری‌حبه‌ها، زمان ‌برداشت، یک‌ماه پس ‌از برداشت و مجموع ‌سه‌ زمان) و عامل‌سوم سرمای‌مصنوعی در چهار سطح (4+، 15-، 18- و 21- درجه‌سانتی‌گراد) بود که روی قلمه‌های ‌جمع‌آوری‌شده در ماه‌های دی و اسفند اعمال شد. آزمایش‌سال دوم‌ براساس نتایج آزمایش ‌سال اول طراحی ‌و شامل اسیدسالیسیلیک در سه‌ سطح (صفر، 5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار) در مرحله یک‌ماه ‌پس‌از برداشت و سرمای‌ مصنوعی در چهار سطح (4+، 17-، 19- و 21- درجه ‌سانتی‌گراد) بود که روی قلمه‌های ‌جمع‌آوری‌شده در ماه‌های دی و اسفند انجام شد. براساس نتایج کاهش دما تا 21- درجه‌سانتی‌گراد منجر به افزایش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای ‌غشا در هر دو سال‌ آزمایش گردید و در نتیجه، درصد نشت ‌یونی، درصد نشت ‌فنول‌ها و میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید پس‌از اعمال‌ سرمای ‌مصنوعی افزایش یافت. همچنین در دمای 21- درجه‌ سانتی‌گراد، برخی از شاخص‌های‌ رویشی از قبیل ‌درصد سبزشدن نقطه ‌رویشی ‌اولیه، درصد سبزشدن نقطه ‌رویشی‌ثانویه و قدرت بازیابی قلمه‌ها کاهش نشان دادند. کاربرد اسیدسالیسیلیک با غلظت‌های 5/0 و یک میلی‌مولار در سال ‌اول‌ و 5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار در سال ‌دوم باعث‌ کاهش درصد نشت‌یونی، درصد نشت‌ فنول‌ها و غلظت‌ مالون‌دی‌آلدهید در نمونه‌های بافت ‌جوانه و افزایش‌ درصد سبزشدن نقاط رویشی‌اولیه و ثانویه‌ و قدرت ‌بازیابی ‌قلمه‌های تحت تنش ‌یخ‌زدگی ‌گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان ‌داد با کاهش ‌دما تا 21- درجه ‌سانتی‌گراد، میزان‌ کربوهیدرات‌های‌ محلول، پرولین و ترکیبات‌فنولی نیز افزایش یافت. همچنین مشاهده شد ‌کاربرد اسیدسالیسیلیک با غلظت‌های 5/0 و یک میلی‌مولار در آزمایش ‌سال ‌اول و غلظت‌های 5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار در آزمایش سال‌ دوم منجر به افزایش میزان‌ پرولین، کربوهیدرات‎های ‌محلول ‌و ترکیبات ‌فنولی گردید.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>اسید سالیسیلیک</kwd>
						<kwd>انگور</kwd>
						<kwd>تغییرات مورفولوژیک</kwd>
						<kwd>تغییرات فیزیولوژیک</kwd>
						<kwd>تنش یخ زدگی</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.263376.1495</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75645_228614d0c51eb5759186bb067aa3cf64.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>بهینه‌سازی باززایی گیاهان حاصل از جنین‌زایی سوماتیکی در شش رقم انگور ‏‎(Vitis vinifera L.)‎</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>رستمی</surname>
			            <given-names>راضیه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ارشادی</surname>
			            <given-names>احمد</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران ‏</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>935</fpage>
			      <lpage>945</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>06</day>
			          <month>08</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>09</day>
			          <month>11</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75645.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75645.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>هدف از این پژوهش افزایش راندمان باززایی در برخی رقم‌های انگور تجاری بود. به این منظور از کالوس جنین‌زای حاصل از بساک نابالغ شش رقم انگور شامل بیدانه سفید، بیدانه قرمز، فخری، عسکری، یاقوتی و تامسون سیدلس استفاده شد. کالوس جنین‌زا در محیط کشت MS بدون هورمون کشت شد و بالاترین تعداد جنین سوماتیکی در رقم بیدانه سفید مشاهده شد. سپس جنین‌های سوماتیکی در محیط کشت MS تحت دو ترکیب هورمونی 5/0 میکرومولار بنزیل آمینو پورین (BAP) و 1/0 میکرومولار نفتالین استیک اسید (NAA) + 5/2 میکرومولار بنزیل آمینو پورین (BAP) برای جوانه‌زنی قرار گرفتند. در طول جوانه‌زنی در هر دو محیط کشت، گیاهان با رشد غیرطبیعی رأس شاخه و ریشه مشاهده شدند؛ همچنین در محیط کشت حاوی 1/0 میکرومولار NAA و 5/2 میکرومولار BAP گیاهان با ریشه طویل و رأس شاخه غیرطبیعی مشاهده شد. درصد جنین‌های طبیعی در دو محیط جوانه‌زنی وابسته به نوع رقم بود، به ‌طوری‌ که درصد جوانه‌زنی طبیعی در رقم عسکری تفاوت معنی‌داری در دو محیط کشت نداشت، ولی در سایر رقم‌ها این درصد در محیط کشت حاوی 5/0 میکرومولار BAP بالاتر بود. بعد از چهار هفته گیاهان به دو محیط کشت باززایی MS و WPM که هر دو حاوی 5/0 میکرومولار BAP بودند، انتقال یافتند. درصد باززایی روی محیط WPM (87/76 درصد) نسبت به محیط MS (27/59 درصد) بالاتر بود. در بین رقم‌های مورد بررسی، بالاترین درصد باززایی در رقم‌های عسکری (4/94 درصد)، بیدانه سفید (85/83 درصد) و تامسون سیدلس (66/80 درصد) به­دست آمد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>بساک</kwd>
						<kwd>جوانه‌زنی</kwd>
						<kwd>کالوس جنین‌زا</kwd>
						<kwd>گیاهان نرمال</kwd>
						<kwd>محیط ‏WPM</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Bharathy, P. &amp; Agrawal, D. (2008). High frequency occurrence of single cotyledonary embryo morphotype and repetitive somatic embryogenesis in ‘Thompson Seedless’ crossed with seven grapevine male parents. Vitis, 47,169-174.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Dai, L., Zhou, Q., Li, R., Du, Y., He, J., Wang, D., Cheng, S., Zhang, J. &amp; Wang, Y. (2015). Establishment of a picloram-induced somatic embryogenesis system in Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay and genetic transformation of a stilbene synthase gene from wild-growing Vitis species. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 121, 397-412.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Das, D. K., Nirala, N. K., Reddy, M. K., Sopory, S. K. &amp; Upadhyaya, K. C. (2006). Encapsulated somatic embryos of grape (Vitis vinifera L.): an efficient way for storage and propagation of pathogen-free plant material. Vitis, 45,179-184.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Dhekney, S. A., Li, Z. T., Compton, M. E. &amp; Gray, D. J. (2009). Optimizing initiation and maintenance of Vitis embryogenic cultures. HortScience, 44(5), 1400-1406.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Ebadi, A., Jamal Mahmod, A., Mirmasomi, M. &amp; Omidi, M. (2012a). Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from anhter culture in some grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 12 (2), 241-252. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Ebadi, A., Jamal Mahmod, A., Mirmasomi, M. &amp; Omidi, M. (2012b). Grapevine regeneration (Vitis vinifera L.) through somatic embryogenesis from whole flowers as explant. Journal of Horticultural Science, 25 (4), 417-424. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Faure, O., Aarrouf, J. &amp; Nougaréde, A. (1996). Ontogenesis, differentiation and precocious germination in anther-derived somatic embryos of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): proembryogenesis. Annals of Botany, 78, 23-28.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Franks, T., Botta, R. &amp; Thomas, M. (2002). Chimerism in grape: implications for cultivar identity, ancestry and genetic improvement. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 104, 192-199.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Gambino, G., Bondaz, J. &amp; Gribaudo, I. (2006). Detection and elimination of viruses in callus, somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets of grapevine. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 114, 397-404.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Gambino, G., Ruffa, P., Vallania, R. &amp; Gribaudo, I. (2007). Somatic embryogenesis from whole flowers, anthers and ovaries of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 90, 79-83.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Gribaudo, I., Gambino, G. &amp; Vallania, R. (2004). Somatic embryogenesis from grapevine anthers: the optimal developmental stage for collecting explants. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 55, 427-430.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Jamal Mahmod, A., Ebadi, A., Mirmasomi, M. &amp; Omidi, M. (2015). Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration with from ovaries in Yaghoti, White seedless, Shahrodi and Flame seedless grapevine cultivars. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 45(4), 345- 352. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Ji, W., Luo, Y., Guo, R., Li, X., Zhou, Q., Ma, X. &amp; Wang, Y. (2017). Abnormal somatic embryo reduction and recycling in grapevine regeneration. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,36(4), 912-918.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Jiménez, V. M. &amp; Bangerth, F. (2000). Relationship between endogenous hormone levels of grapevine callus cultures and their morphogenetic behaviour. Vitis, 39, 151-157.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Kikkert, J. R., Striem, M. J., Vidal, J. R., Wallace, P. G., Barnard, J. &amp; Reisch, B. I. (2005). Long term study of somatic embryogenesis from anthers and ovaries of 12 grapevine (Vitis sp.) genotypes. In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology- Plant, 41, 232-239.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Lloyd, G. &amp; McCown, B. (1980). Commercially-feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot-tip culture. In:Combined Proceedings of International Plant Propagators' Society,  20-22 Dec., Ohio, USA, pp. 421-427.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>López-Pérez, A. J., Carreño, J., Martínez-Cutillas, A. &amp; Dabauza, M. (2005). High embryogenic ability and plant regeneration of table grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) induced by activated charcoal. Vitis, 44 (2), 79-85.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>López-Pérez A., Carreóo, J. &amp; Dabauza M. (2006). Somatic embryo germination and plant regeneration of three grapevine cvs: Effect of IAA, GA. Vitis, 45, 141-143.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Lu, M. (2005). Micropropagation of Vitis thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., a medicinal herb, through high-frequency shoot tip culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 107, 64-69.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Maillot, P., Kieffer, F. &amp; Walter, B. (2006). Somatic embryogenesis from stem nodal sections of grapevine. Vitis, 45 (4), 185-189.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Merkle, S. A. &amp; Wiecko, A. T. (1990). Somatic embryogenesis in three magnolia species. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 115, 858-860.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Morgana, C., Di Lorenzo, R. &amp; Carimi, F. (2004). Somatic embryogenesis of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Sugraone) from stigma and style culture. Vitis, 43(4), 169-173.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Motoike, S. Y., Skirvin, R. M., Norton, M. A. &amp; Otterbacher, A. G. (2001). Somatic embryogenesis and long term maintenance of embryogenic lines from fox grapes. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 66, 121-131.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Murashige, T. &amp; Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Nitsch, J. P. &amp; Nitsch, C. (1969). Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science, 163, 85-87.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Olah, R., Anik, Z., Andrzej, P., Howard, S. &amp; Kovacs, L. G. (2009). Somatic embryogenesis in a broad spectrum of grape genotypes. Scientia Horticulturae, 120, 134-137.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Perl, A., Saad, S., Sahar N. &amp; Holland, D. (1995). Establishment of long-term embryogenic cultures of seedless Vitis vinifera cultivars-a synergistic effect of auxins and the role of abscisic acid. Plant Science, 104, 193-200.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Perrin, M., Gertz, C. &amp; Masson, J. E. (2004). High efficiency initiation of regenerable embryogenic callus from anther filaments of 19 grapevine genotypes grown worldwide. Plant Science,167, 1343-1349.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Perrin, M., Martin, D., Joly, D., Demangeat, G., This, P. &amp; Masson, J. E. (2001). Medium- dependent response on grapevine somatic embryogenic cells. Plant Science, 161, 107-116.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Prado, M. J., Grueiro, M. P., González, M. V., Testillano, P. S., Dominguez, C., López, M. &amp; Rey, M. (2010). Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from anthers and ovaries of six autochthonous grapevine cultivars from Galicia (Spain). Scientia Horticulturae, 125, 342-352.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Sezgin, M. &amp; Dumanoğlu, H. (2014). Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature cotyledons of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology- Plant, 50, 58-68.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Vidal, J. R., Rama, J., Taboada, L., Martin, C., Ibañez, M., Segura, A. &amp; González-Benito, M. E. (2009). Improved somatic embryogenesis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) with focus on induction parameters and efficient plant regeneration. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 96, 85-94.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, Q., Gafny, R., Sahar, N., Sela, I., Mawassi, M., Tanne, E. &amp; Perl, A. (2002). Cryopreservation of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) embryogenic cell suspensions by encapsulation-dehydration and subsequent plant regeneration. Plant Science, 162(4), 551-558.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Xu, Z-Sh., Yu, Z-Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, Z. &amp; Tao, J-M. (2014). Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from solid and suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Manicure Finger’. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology- Plant, 50, 249-256.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Zhou, Q., Dai, L., Cheng, S., He, J., Wang, Dan., Zhang, J. &amp; Wang, Y. (2014). A circulatory system useful both for long-term somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation in Vitis vinifera L. cv.Thompson Seedless. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture, 118, 157-168. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.263604.1498</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75763_a191fe28075a1b377227b65dd38521b5.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی نیتروژن بر برخی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی انگور سفید بی‌دانه</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>مجیدی</surname>
			            <given-names>عزیز</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار‎ ‎پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>دولتی بانه</surname>
			            <given-names>حامد</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات باغبانی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ‏ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>947</fpage>
			      <lpage>957</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>27</day>
			          <month>08</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>22</day>
			          <month>12</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75763.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_75763.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>به‌منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی اوره با کودهای زیستی و آلی، پژوهشی بر درختچه­های 14 ساله انگور سفید بی­دانه در یک خاک آهکی جرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد اثر تیمارها بر عملکرد خوشه، شاخص کلروفیل، مواد جامد محلول و اسیدیته کل میوه و غلظت عناصر نیتروژن، آهن، منگنز و روی برگ معنی­دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد میوه در تیمارهای مایه تلقیح مایع باکتری­های تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن (ازتوباکتر/آزوسپیریلوم)+ کودپوسیده گاوی و مایه تلقیح جامد باکتری­های تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن (ازتوباکتر/آزوسپیریلوم)+کود پوسیده گاوی به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 73/11 و 83/11 کیلوگرم/ تاک به‏‌‏دست آمد. تمامی تیمارها، به­میزان نسبتا مشابهی موجب افزایش درصد مواد جامد محلول و کاهش اسیدیته میوه نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند. بیشترین شاخص کلروفیل و غلظت عناصر نیتروژن، آهن، منگنز و روی برگ در تیمارهای مایه تلقیح مایع باکتری­های تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن (ازتوباکتر/آزوسپیریلوم)+کودپوسیده گاوی و مایه تلقیح جامد باکتری­های تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن (ازتوباکتر/آزوسپیریلوم)+ کود پوسیده گاوی حاصل شدند. شاخص توازن تغذیه­ای در تیمارهای عدم مصرف نیتروژن و مصرف اوره به‌ترتیب معادل 160 و 145بودند، ولی در تیمارهای مایه تلقیح مایع باکتری­های تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن (ازتوباکتر/آزوسپیریلوم)+کودپوسیده گاوی و مایه تلقیح جامد باکتری­های تثبیت­کننده نیتروژن (ازتوباکتر/آزوسپیریلوم)+کود پوسیده گاوی به مقادیر 107 و 108 کاهش یافتند که بیانگر بهبود وضعیت توازن تغذیه­ای تحت تأثیر این تیمارها بود. نتایج نشان داد مصرف مایه تلقیح زیستی نیتروژن با کود حیوانی بیشتر از منبع شیمیایی نیتروژن، توازن تغذیه­ای انگور را بهبود بخشید و بیشترین عملکرد محصول را تولید نمود، ولی تأثیر آن بر کیفیت میوه مشابه اوره بود.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>ازتوباکتر/ آزوسپیریلیوم</kwd>
						<kwd>توازن تغذیه‌ای</kwd>
						<kwd>شاخص کلروفیل</kwd>
						<kwd>کود حیوانی</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Abbas, E. S., Bondok, S. A. &amp; Rizk, M. H. (2006). Effect of bio and nitrogen mineral fertilizers on ‎growth and berry quality of Ruby seedless grapevines. Journal of Agriculture Science, Mansoura University, ‎‎31, 4565-4577. ‎   </element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Abd El-Monem, A. A., Saleh, M. M. S. &amp; Mostafa, E. A. M. (2008). Minimizing the quantity of ‎mineral nitrogen fertilizers on grapevine by using humic acid, organic and biofertilizers. Research ‎Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4, 46-50.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Abdel-Hady, A. M. (2003). Response of Flame seedless vines to application of some biofertilizers. ‎Minia Journal of Agriculture Research and Development, 23, 667-680.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Abdel-Hamid, S. Y. (2002). Effect of biofertilizer on yield and berry quality of grapevines. M.Sc. ‎Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Ajmal, M., Ali, H. I., Saeed, R., Akhtar, A., Tahir, M., Mehboob, M. Z., Ayub, A. (2018). ‎Biofertilizer as an alternative for chemical fertilizers. Research &amp; Reviews: Journal of Agriculture ‎and Allied Sciences, 7 (1), 1-7. ‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Amami, A. (1995). Methods of plant analysis. (1st Vol.), Soil and Water Research Institute, ‎Publication No. 982. (in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>‎Ahmadi, K., Ghalizadeh, H., Ebadzadeh, H., Hatami, F., Hosseinpoor, R., Abdshah, E., Rezaei, ‎M. &amp; Fazliabraq, M. (2016). Agricultural Statistics of 2015 (Vol. 3), Horticultural Products, ‎Planning and Economic Development, ICT Center, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. ‎‎(in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Aliehiaie, M. (1997). Descriptions of methods for chemical analysis of soil (Vol. 2), Soil and Water ‎Research Institute, Publication No. 1024. (in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Anonymous. (2011). The Law of the 5th five-year plan of development of the Islamic Republic of ‎Iran (2011-2012). Retrieved June 15, 2017, from: http://ham-nm.blogfa.com/post-238.aspx. (in ‎Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>‎Bhangoo, M. S., Day, K. S., Sundanagunta, V. R. &amp; Petrucci, V. E. (1988). Application of poultry ‎manure influences Thompson seedless grape production and soil properties. Horticultural Science, ‎‎23, 1010-1012.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>‎Bogatyre, A. N. (2000). What are we do to eat or how to live longer? Pishchevaya Promyshlemost, ‎‎7, 34-35.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Ding, C. K., Chachin, Y., Hamauzu, Y. U. &amp; Imahori, Y. (1998). Effects of storage temperatures ‎on physiology and quality of loquat fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 14, 309-315.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>El-Akkad, M. M. (2004). Physiological studies on vegetative growth and fruit quality in some ‎grapevine cultivars. Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt. ‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>‎Grechi, I., Vivin, P., Hilbert, G., Milin, R. S. T. &amp; Gaudillre, J. P. (2007). Effect of light and ‎nitrogen supply on internal C:N balance and control of root-to-shoot biomass allocation in ‎grapevine. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59,139-149.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Kassem, H. A. &amp; Marzouk, H. A. (2002). Effect of organic and/or mineral nitrogen fertilization on ‎the nutritional status, yield and fruit quality of Flame Seedless grapevines grown in calcareous soil. ‎Journal of Advanced Agriculture Research, 7,117-128.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Khalil, A. H. (2012). The potential of biofertilizers to improve vegetative growth, nutritional status, ‎yield and fruit quality of Flame Seedless grapevines. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture&amp; ‎Environmental Science, 12, 1122-1127.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Khavazi, K., Asadi Rahmani, E. &amp; Malakouti, M. J. (2004). Necessity of industrial production of ‎biological fertilizers in the country. (2nd Ed.). Soil and Water Research Institute, Senate Publication, ‎Tehran, Iran. (in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>‎Kumar, P. S. S., Geetha, S. A., Savithri, P., Mahendran, P. P. &amp; Ragunath, K. P. (2003). ‎Evaluation of DRIS and CND indices for effective nutrient management in Muscat grapevines (Vitis ‎vinefera L.). Journal of Applied Horticulture, 5, 76-80.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Malakouti, M. J., Moshiri, F., Ghibi, M. N. &amp; S. Molavi. (2005). Optimum concentrations of ‎nutrients in soil and some garden products (first part). Council policy development and efficient use ‎of fertilizers and pesticides application of biological agriculture, Technical Publication No. 406, ‎Senate Publications, Tehran, Iran. (in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>‎Masoud, A. A. B. (2012). Effect of organic and bio nitrogen fertilization on growth, nutrient status ‎and fruiting of Flame Seedless and Ruby Seedless grapevines. Research Journal of Agricultural&amp; ‎Biological Science, 8, 83-91.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Mostafa, R. A. A. (2008). Effect of bio and organic nitrogen fertilization and elemental sulpher ‎application on growth, yield and fruit quality of Flame Seedless grapevines. Assiut Journal of ‎Agriculture Science, 39, 79-96.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>‎Mostofi, Y. &amp; Najafi, F. (2005). Analytical laboratory methods in horticulture. Tehran University ‎Press, Tehran, Iran. (in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>‎Noel, T. C., Sheng, C. Yost, C. K. P. &amp; Hynes, M. E. (1996). Rhizobium leguminosarum as a plant ‎growth promoting Rhizobacterium direct growth promotion of canola and lettuce. Canadian Journal ‎of Microbiology, 42, 279-283.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>‎Peacock, W. L., Christensen, L. P. &amp; Hirschfelt, D. J. (1991). Influence of timing of nitrogen ‎fertilizer application on grapevines in the San Joaquin Valley. American Journal of Enology and ‎Viticulture, 42, 322-326‎‏.‏</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Rahman, L., Whitelaw-Weckert, M. A. &amp; Orchard, B. (2011). Consecutive applications of brassica ‎green manures and seed meal enhances suppression of Meloidogyne javanica and increases yield of ‎Vitis vinifera cv Semillon. Applied Soil Ecology, 47,195-203.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Saikia, S. P., Bora, D., Goswami, A., Mudoi, K. D. &amp; Gogoi, A. (2012). A review on the role of ‎Azospirillum in the yield improvement of non leguminous crops. African Journal of Microbiology ‎Research, 6, 1085-1102.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Sala, F. &amp; Blidariu, C. (2012). Macro- and micronutrient content in grapevine cordons under the ‎influence of organic and mineral fertilization. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and ‎Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Horticulture, 69, 317-324. ‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>‎Samadi, A. &amp; Majidi, A. (2009). Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system to determine the ‎reference numbers (DRIS) and comparing it with deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) in ‎seedless grapes. Journal of Soil Science (Soil and Water Science), 24 (2), 106-89. (in Farsi)‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>‎Shaahan, M. M., El-Sayed, A. A. &amp; Abou El-Nour, E. A. A. (1999). Predicting nitrogen, ‎magnesium and iron nutritional status in some perennial crops using a portable chlorophyll meter. ‎Scientia Horticulture, 82, 339-348.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>‎Shehata, W. A. M. (2008). Studies on bio-fertilization of olive transplants. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty ‎of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>‎Silva, D. J., Bassoi, L. H., Rocha, M. G., Silva, A. O. &amp; Deon, M. D. (2016). Organic and nitrogen ‎fertilization of soil under ‘Syrah’ grapevine: effects on soil chemical properties and nitrate ‎concentration. Revista Brasilera de Ciencia do Solo, 40, e0150073.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>‎Singh, R. D. (1999). Status of integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) in Uttar Pradesh. India ‎Fertilizer News, 448, 39-41.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>‎Soil Survey Staff. (2014). Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 12th ed. USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>‎ Stevenson, F. J. (1991). Organic matter-micronutrient reactions in soil. In: J. J. Mortvedt, F.R. Cox, L.M. Shuman, R.M. Welch (Eds.), Micronutrients in agriculture. 2nd edn. (pp. 145–186.)  Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>‎Suba Rao, N. S. (1984). Biofertilizers in agriculture. Oxford. IBH Company, New Delhi.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Tagliavini, M. Scudellazi, D. Marangoni, B. &amp; Toselli, M. (1996). Nitrogen fertilization ‎management in orchards to reconcile productivity and environmental aspects. Fertilizer Research, ‎‎43, 93-102.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>‎Verna, L. N. (1999). Role of biotechnology in supplying plant nutrients in the vineties. Fertilizer ‎News, 35, 87-97.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>‎Wani, S. P. &amp; Lee, K. K. (1995). Microorganisms as biological inputs for sustainable agriculture. ‎In: P. K. Thampan (Ed.). Organic agriculture, theory and Practices, (pp.36-76.) Peekay Tree crops ‎development Foundation, Gandhi Nagar-Cochin 682-220.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>‎Yu, X., Wang, B., Zhang, C., Xu, W., He, J., Zhu, L. &amp; Wang, S. (2007). Effect of root restriction ‎on nitrogen levels and glutamine synthetase activity in Kyoho grapevines. Scientia Horticulture, ‎‎137, 156-163.‎</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Zhu, L., Wang, S., Yang, T., Zhang, C. &amp; Xu, W. (2006). Vine growth and nitrogen metabolism of Fujiminori ‎grapevines in response to root restriction. Sciatica Horticulture, 107, 143-149.‎ _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.224061.1156</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76766_9216d5d0b6cd3f2b0b803731eda1b22e.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی بر جوانه‌زنی بذور نارس ارکیده در دو محیط‌ کشت آزمایشگاهی</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>پیری</surname>
			            <given-names>حسین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، گروه کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ولایت، ایرانشهر، سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>فاضلی رستم پور</surname>
			            <given-names>منصور</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زابل، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>بازند</surname>
			            <given-names>علی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>مدرس مدعو دانشگاه پیام نور چابهار، سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>959</fpage>
			      <lpage>965</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>01</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2017</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>02</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76766.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76766.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>با هدف بررسی تأثیر تنظیم­کننده­های رشد مختلف گیاهی بر جوانه­زنی بذور نارس ارکیده رقم Dendrobium nobile Lindl در دو محیط­ کشتMSوM  آزمایشی به‏‌‏صورت تجزیه مرکب در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بلوچستان طی سال‌های 1394-1395 انجام شد. بیست و دو تیمار تنظیم‌کننده رشد گیاهی شامل شاهد (عدم استفاده از تنظیم‌کننده رشد)، 4 غلظت (5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2) میلی­گرم بر لیتر NAA یا α-Naphthaleneacetic acid، 4 غلظت (5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2) میلی­گرم بر لیتر Kin یا Kinetin، 4 غلظت (5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2) میلی­گرم بر لیتر IAA یاIndole-3-acetic acid، 3 غلظت از ترکیب Kin+IAA شامل (5/0+1)، (1+5/0) و (1 +1) میلی­گرم بر لیتر، 3 غلظت از ترکیب NAA+IAA شامل (5/0+1)، (1+ 5/0) و (1+1) میلی­گرم بر لیتر و 3 غلظت از ترکیب NAA+Kin شامل (5/0+1)، (1+5/0) و (1+1) میلی­گرم بر لیتر در دو محیط کشت M و MS بود. اثر ساده محیط کشت بر همه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی­دار نبود، اما اثر ساده تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد و همچنین اثر متقابل تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد و محیط کشت بر تمام صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در سطح 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. نتایج نشان داد که کم­ترین و بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای شاهد و (mgl-15/0+1) NAA+Kin در محیط کشت M مشاهده شد. کم‌ترین مدت زمان شروع جوانه‌زنی در شرایط کاربرد NAA; 1.5mgl-1  و در محیط کشت M و بیش‌ترین مدت زمان آغاز جوانه‌زنی در شرایط عدم استفاده از هورمون در هر دو محیط کشت بود. همچنین کم‌ترین مدت زمان ایجاد اسفرول در شرایط کاربرد NAA; 1.5mgl-1  و در محیط کشت M و بیش‌ترین مدت زمان جهت ایجاد اسفرول در شرایط عدم استفاده از هورمون در هر دو محیط کشت، و تیمار Kin+IAA (1+1mgl-1) در محیط کشت MS بود. کم‌ترین و بیش‌ترین مدت زمان تشکیل پروتوکورم بترتیب در شرایط کاربرد NAA; 1.5‌mgl-1  و در محیط کشت M و در شرایط عدم استفاده از هورمون و در هر دو محیط کشت بود. به‌طور کلی تیمار NAA;1.5mgl-1 در محیط کشت M بهترین و اقتصادی‌ترین تیمار در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها در دو محیط کشت بود، که نتیجه ترکیب و غلظت عناصر موجود در این محیط کشت مختص ارکیده‌ها می‌باشد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>اکسین</kwd>
						<kwd>اسفرول</kwd>
						<kwd>پروتوکورم</kwd>
						<kwd>سایتوکنین</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Arditti, J. (1967). Factors affecting the germination of orchid seeds. Botanical Review Journal, 33, 1-97.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Bazand, A., Otroshy, M., Fazilati, M., Piri, H. &amp; Mokhtari, A. (2014). Effect of plant growth regulators on seed germination and development of protocorm and seedling of Phalaenopsis amabilis blume (Orchidaceae). Annual Research &amp; Review in Biology, 4(24), 3962-3969.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Bhadra, S. K.  Hossain, M. M. (2003). In vitro germination and micropropagation of Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr., an endangered orchid species. Plant Tissue Culture, 13(2), 165-171.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Bhattacharjee, B. &amp; Shahinul Islam, S. M. (2015). The effect of PGRs on in vitro development of protocorms, regeneration and mass multiplication derived from immature seeds of Rhynchostylis retusa (l.) blume. Global Journal of Bio-science and Biotechnology, 4(1), 121-127.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Birhalawati, B., Abdul Latip, M. &amp; Gansau, J. A. (2014). Asymbiotic germination and seedling development of Dimorphics lowii (Orchidaceae). Asian Journal of Plant Biology, 1, 28-33.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Cribb, P. &amp; Govaerts, R. (2005). Just how many orchids are there? 18th World Orchid Conference, 11-20 march, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France, pp. 161-172.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Harvais, G. (1972). The development and growth requirements of Dactylorhiza purpurella in asymbiotic cultures. Canadian Journal of. Botany, 50, 451-460.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Hussain, M. M. (2008). Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Epidendrum ibaguense Kunth. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (20), 3614-3619.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Kalimuthu, K., Senthilkumar, R. &amp; Vijayakumar, S. (2007). In vitro micropropagation of orchid, Oncidium sp. (Dancing Dolls). African Journal of Biotechnol, 6(10), 1171-1174.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Knudson, L. (1922). Nonsymbiotic germination of orchid seeds. Botanical gazette, 73(1), 1-25.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Knudson, L. (1925). Physiological study of the asymbiotic germination of orchid seeds. Botanical Gazette, 79, 345-379.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Lauzer, D., Renaut, S., Arnaud, M.S. &amp; Barab, D. (2007). In vitro asymbiotic germination, protocorm development, and plantlet acclimatization Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. Orchidaceae). The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 134, 344-348.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Lee, Y. I. (2011). In vitro culture and germination of terrestrial Asian orchid seeds. Methods in Molecular Biology, 710, 53-62.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Melania, M. &amp; Víctor, M. J. (2008). Capsule development, in vitro germination and plantlet acclimatization in Phragmipedium humboldtii, P. longifolium and P. pearcei. Universidad de Costa Rica, Lankesteriana, 8(2), 23-31.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Mitra, G. C., Prasad, R. N. &amp; Roychowdhary, A. (1976). Inorganic salts and differentiation of protocorms in seed-callus of an orchid and correlated changes in its free amino acid content. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 14, 350-351.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Murashige, T. &amp; Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Pathak, P., Piri, H., Vij, S. P., Mahant, K. C. &amp; Chauhan, S. (2011). In vitro propagation and mass scale multiplication of a critically endangered epiphytic orchid, Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham ex J.E.Sm.) D. Don. using immature seeds. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 49, 711-716.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Piri, H., Pathak, P. &amp; Bhanwra, R. K. (2013). Asymbiotic germination of immature embryos of a medicinally important epiphytic orchid, Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl, African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(2), 162-167.  </element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Piri, H., Promila, P., Bhanwra, R. K. &amp; Vij, S. P. (2010). A cost effective medium for embryo culture of a floriculturally important orchid, Rhynchostylis retusa BL. National conference on orchid: systematic and diversity analysis for conservation and sustainable utilization,.19-21 March, Kosi-Katarmal, 263-643, G. B. Plant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Almora, India, P, 86.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Rafiqul, I., Khandakar, M. D., Kabir, R., Hossain, S., Hossain, F. &amp; Khalil, I. (2014). Efficient in vitro cultural techniques for seeds germination of Vanda roxburghii. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10 (4), 163-168.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Sebastinraj, J. &amp; Muhirkuzhali, S. (2014). Asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation of Pathoglottis plicata blume. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry (IJAPBC), 3(2), 495-501. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.250070.1382</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76767_01187c5c81244d1445fe46b2c1906fce.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>ارزیابی دانهال‌های درخت به (‏Cydonia oblonga Mill.‎‏) شمال‌غرب ایران و گزینش مقدماتی ‏ژنوتیپ‌های امیدبخش</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>نعیمی</surname>
			            <given-names>خسرو</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>عبداللهی</surname>
			            <given-names>حمید</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏کرج، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>میری</surname>
			            <given-names>سیر مهدی</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>967</fpage>
			      <lpage>981</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>16</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>07</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76767.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76767.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>ژنوتیپ­های بذری به در بسیاری از مناطق ایران پراکنده­اند و امکان گزینش انواع برتر در آنها جهت استفاده در برنامه­های اصلاحی وجود دارد.تحقیق اخیر با هدف ارزیابی برخی ژنوتیپ­های به شمال­غرب و گزینش ژنوتیپ(های) برتر انجام شد. لذا به این منظور 13 ژنوتیپ جمع‌آوری‌شده از استان­های اردبیل و غرب گیلان، براساس 55 صفت دستور‌العمل ملی آزمون‌های تمایز، خصوصیات ارگانولپتیک و عملکردی در کنار رقم شاهد به اصفهان ارزیابی شدند. نتایج بررسی­های انجام­شده بیانگروجود صفات متمایزکننده در عادت رشد، برگ، شکوفه و میوه این ژنوتیپ­ها بارقم شاهد بود. در این بین، پاکوتاهی در ژنوتیپ­های AD6 وAD7 و دیرگلدهی در ژنوتیپ­های AD5، AD3 و PSH قابل‌توجه بود. تجزیه کلاستر جمیع صفات، ژنوتیپ­ها را در سه شاخه خوشه­بندی کرد، که در شاخه اول ژنوتیپ‌های برتر گیوی، AS1، ASH و AD1 به‌همراه شاهد قرار گرفتند و در شاخه دوم و سوم، ژنوتیپ­ها دارای ارزش گزینشی پایین­تری بودند. درارزیابی چشایی (Organoleptic)، ژنوتیپ‌های ASH، AD1 وAS1از دیگر ژنوتیپ‌ها برتر بودند، به­صورتی­که دو ژنوتیپ ASH و AS1 با امکان گزینش برای تازه­خوری بالاتراز به اصفهان ارزیابی شد. ژنوتیپ‌های گیوی، AD5 وAD6 به­ترتیب با تولید 28، 23 و 21 کیلوگرم ­در­درخت دارای بالاترین عملکرد و کارایی عملکرد بودند. براساس جمیع صفات، ژنوتیپ­های گیوی، AD1، ASH و AS1 با اهداف کاربردی مختلف در برنامه­های اصلاحی، به­عنوان ژنوتیپ­های امیدبخش گزینش مقدماتی شدند.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>ارزیابی ارگانولپتیک</kwd>
						<kwd>تمایز ارقام</kwd>
						<kwd>رقم اصفهان</kwd>
						<kwd>ژنوتیپ امیدبخش</kwd>
						<kwd>کارایی عملکرد</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Abdollahi, H., Alipour, M., Khoramdel Azad, M., Mehrabipour, S., Ghasemi, A., Adli, M., Atashkar, D. &amp; Akbari, M. (2011). Establishment of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) germplasm collection from various regions of Iran. Acta Horticulturae, 976, 199-203.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Abdollahi, H., Ghasemi, A. &amp; Mehrabi Pour, S. (2008). Evaluation of fire blight resistance in some quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes, II.Resistance of genotypes to the disease. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 24, 529-541. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Ahmadi, S., Alipour, M., Abdollahi, H. &amp; Atashkar, D. (2013).Comparison of efficiency of indices for fire blight susceptibility evaluation in quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in orchard condition. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 29-1, 331-347. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Alipour, M., Abdollahi, H., Abdossi, V., Ghasemi, A., Adli, M. &amp; Mohammadi, M. (2014). Evaluation of vegetative and reproductive characteristics and distincness of some quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes from different regions of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 30, 507-529.(in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Anonymous. (2016). Statistical Yearbook of Horticultural Products. Publication of the Iranian Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, Iran. 253pp. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Bayazit, S., Imrak, B., Küden, A. &amp;Kemal Güngör, M. (2011).RAPD analysis of genetic relatedness among selected quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) accessions from different parts of Turkey. HortScience (Prague), 38, 134-141.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Bell, L.R. &amp; Leitao, M.J. (2011).Cydonia. In: K. Chittaranjan, (Ed), Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. (pp. 1-16.) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Germany.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Bobev S., Angelov L., Govedarov G.&amp; Postman J. (2009). Field susceptibility of quince hybrids to fire blight in Bulgaria. APS Annual Meeting Report, 99, S13.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Fischer, M. (2009). Pear Breeding. In: S. M. Jain and P. M. Priyadarshan (Eds.), Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species. (pp. 135-160.) Springer Press, Germany.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Frantskevich, N.A. (1978). Wild relatives of crop plants and their conservation in the basin of the river Ai-Dere (Kara-Kala region of the Turkmen SSR). Byulleten’-vsesoyuznogo ordena Lenina I ordena Druzhby Narodov Instituta Rastenievodstva Imeni N I Vavilov,81, 86-91. (in Russian)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Ghahremani, Z., Alipour, M., Ahmadi, S., Abdollahi, H., Mohamadi, M., Ghasemi, A.A.&amp;Adli, M. (2014). Selecting effective indices for evaluation of fire blight resistance in quince germplasm under orchard settings. Acta Horticulturae, 1056, 247-251.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Khandan, A., Abdollahi, H. &amp; Hajnajari, H. (2011). National Guidelines for Distinction, Uniformity and Stability Examination in Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.).Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute. Karaj, Iran. 36pp. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Khoramdel Azad, M., Nasiri, J.&amp; Abdollahi, H. (2013). Identification of genetic diversity of selected Iranian quince genotypes using SSRs derived from apple and pear. Biochemical Genetics, 51, 426-442.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Mehrabipour, S., Abdollahi, H. &amp; Adli, M. (2012).Response of some quince (Cydoniaoblonga Mill.) genotypes from Guilan and Khorasan provinces to fire blight disease. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 28, 67-84. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Mehrabipour, S., Abdollahi, H., Hassanzadeh, N. &amp; Ghasemi, A. A. (2010). The role of some quince stock (Cydonia oblonga) genotypes in susceptibility to fire blight disease. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 78, 25-42.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Mohammadi, M., Nadi, S. &amp;Abdollahi, H. (2017). Tolerance to the late spring frost in some quince (Cydoniaoblonga Mill.) genotypes in Karaj climate. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 32, 461-477. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Mohamadzadeh Givi, B. (2009). Importance of study on the local genotypes of quince from Kowsar region in Ardabil province. Sonboleh, 193, 28-29. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Moradi, S., Koushesh Saba, M., Mozafari, A.A. &amp; Abdollahi, H. (2016). Antioxidant bioactive compounds changes in fruit of quince genotypes over cold storage. Journal of Food Science, 81, H1833-H1839.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Moradi, S., Koushesh Saba, M., Mozafari, A.A. &amp; Abdollahi, H. (2017). Physical and biochemical changes of some Iranian quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes during cold storage. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technolgy, 19, 377-388.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Postman, J. (2009). Cydonia oblonga: The unappreciated quince. Arnoldia, 67, 2-9.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Razavi, F., Arzani, K. &amp; Vezvaee, A. (1999). Identification of local quince (CydoniaoblongaMill.) genotypes in some parts of Isfahan province. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 15, 354-374. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Rodríguez-Guisado, I., Hernández, F., Melgarejo, P., Legua, P., Martínez, R.&amp;Martínez, J.J. (2009).Chemical, morphological and organoleptical characterizationof five Spanish quince tree clones (Cydoniao blonga Miller). ScientiaHorticulturae, 122, 491-496.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Sabeti, H. (1995). Iranian Forests, Trees and Shrubs.Yazd University Publishers, Yazd, Iran.810pp. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>SPII.(2015). Special Issues of the First Report on Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Released Cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Publication, Karaj, Iran. 91pp. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Tatari, M., Abdollahi, H. &amp;Mousavi, A. (2018). Effect of pollination on dropping of flowers and fruits in new quince (Cydoniaoblonga Mill.) cultivar and promising genotypes. Scientia Horticulturae, 231, 126-132.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Thomidis, T., Tsipouridis, C., Isaakidis, A. &amp;Michailides, Z. (2004). Documentation of field and postharvest performance for a mature collection of Quince (Cydonia oblonga) varieties in Imathia, Greece. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32, 243-247.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Torkashvand, M. (2014). In vitroestablishment and micropropagation of superior quince genotypes of Iran and evaluation of their genetic potential by molecular markers. M.Sc. thesis, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Research and Science Branch, Tehran, Iran. 114pp. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>UPOV. (2003). Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability of Quince (Cydonia Mill. sensu stricto). International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. Geneva, Switzerland. 40pp. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2019.267056.1516</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76768_d2729f2c65962a76cb50227fec7dedb8.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>ارزیابی مولکولی کارایی گرمادرمانی و کشت مریستم برای حذف شماری از بیماری‌های ویروسی در ‏رقم‌های مهم تجاری گلابی (‏Pyrus communis L.‎‏) ‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>کاظمی</surname>
			            <given-names>نوشین</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشجوی سابق دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاوزری، دانشگاه تبریز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2">
			          <name>
			            <surname>زارع نهندی</surname>
			            <given-names>فریبرز</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاوزری، دانشگاه تبریز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>حبشی</surname>
			            <given-names>علی اکبر</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی ایران (ابری)، کرج</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c4">
			          <name>
			            <surname>دادپور</surname>
			            <given-names>محمدرضا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاوزری، دانشگاه تبریز</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>983</fpage>
			      <lpage>992</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>10</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>05</day>
			          <month>01</month>
			          <year>2019</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76768.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76768.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>این پژوهش با هدف تولید نهال عاری از سه ویروس ACLSV (Apple chlorotic leafspot virus)، ASGV (Apple stem grooving virus) و ASPV (Apple stem pitting virus) در هفت رقم گلابی شامل ابته فتل، بیروتی، درگزی، کوشیا، لوئیزبون، ملینا و اسپادونا انجام شد. آزمایش­ها با ارزیابی اثربخشی دوره‌های گرمادرمانی شامل صفر، 7، 14 و 21 روز در دمای 38 درجه سانتی‌گراد و کشت مریستم انتهایی با اندازه کمتر از 2/0 میلی‌متر، بر میزان حذف ویروس از ریزنمونه­ها انجام شد. در ابتدا حضور ویروس‌های مورد مطالعه در ریزنمونه‌های مادری با روش RT-PCR مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و به جز، نمونه­های مادری رقم­های ابته­فتل و بیروتی که عاری از ویروس  ASPVبودند، سایر ریزنمونه‌ها به هر سه ویروس آلودگی داشتند. گرمادرمانی و کشت مریستم در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای انجام شد. ریزشاخه­های حاصل از گرمادرمانی و کشت مریستم توسط RT-PCR برای هر سه ویروس مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و نتایج نشان داد میزان حذف سه ویروس ACLSV، ASGV و ASPV به‏‌‏ترتیب با درصدهای 63/26، 5/35 و 46/78 در رقم‌های مختلف با یکدیگر متفاوت بود. بیشترین میزان عاری شدن از ویروس در رقم کوشیا و کمترین آن در رقم اسپادونا مشاهده شد. افزایش طول مدت گرمادرمانی رابطه مستقیم با افزایش درصد عاری سازی ریزنمونه­ها از هر سه ویروس مورد مطالعه داشت، اما از طرفی این افزایش دوره زمانی گرمادرمانی در 21 روز باعث کاهش رشد و تکثیر و حتی از بین رفتن ریزنمونه­ها شد. بنابراین 14 روز گرمادرمانی مؤثرترین تیمار جهت حذف آلودگی ویروس­هایASGV ،ASPV  و ACLSV به‏‌‏ترتیب با 4/61، 100 و 5/45 درصد از ریزنمونه­های مورد مطالعه بود. در پایان آزمایش نمونه‌هایی که توسط RT-PCR سالم تشخیص داده شدند، تکثیر و ریشه‌دار شدند و در شرایط گلخانه­ای سازگار شدند.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>گرمادرمانی</kwd>
						<kwd>‏Apple chlorotic leafspot virus</kwd>
						<kwd>Apple stem grooving virus ‎</kwd>
						<kwd>‏Apple stem pitting virus</kwd>
						<kwd>‏RT-PCR</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Abdollahi, H. (2010). Pear: Botany, Cultivars and Rootstocks. Iranian Agricultural Ministry Publications, Tehran, Iran. 210pp.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Adams, A.N., Guise, C.M. &amp; Crossley, S. J. (1999). Plum pox virus detection in dormant plum trees by PCR and ELISA. Plant Pathology, 48, 240- 244.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Adams, M.J., Antoniw, J.F., Bar-Joseph, M., Brunt, A.A., Candresse, T., Foster, G.D., Martelli, G.P., Milne, R.G. &amp; Fauquet, C.M. (2004). The new plant virus family Flexiviridae and assessment of molecular criteria for species demarcation. Archives of Virology, 149, 1045-1060.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Callaway, A., Giesman-Cookmeyer, D., Gillock, E.T., Sit, T. L. &amp; Lommel, S.A. (2001). The multifunctional capsid proteins of plant RNA viruses. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 39, 419-460.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Campbell, A.I. (1967). The effect of some pear viruses on the growth and compatibility of a number of Pyrus species and near relatives. Journal of Horticultural Science, 42(2), 133-138.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Cieslinska, M. (2002). Elimination of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) from pear by in vitro thermotherapy and chemotherapy. Acta Horticulturae, 596, 481-484.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Cooper, V.C. &amp; Walkey, D.G.A. (1978). Thermal inactivation of cherry leaf roll virus in tissue cultures of Nicotiana rustica rose from seeds and meristem tips. Annals of Applied Biology, 88, 273-278.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Deng, X.Y., Hong, N., Hu, H.J. &amp; Wang, G.P. (2004). Detection of latent viruses in Pyrus pyrifolia by IC-RT-PCR and TC-RT-PCR. Journal of Fruit Science, 21, 569-572.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Dziedzic, E. (2008). Elimination of Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV) from plum ‘Earliblue’ shoots through thermotherapy in vitro. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16, 101-109.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Food and Agriculture Organization. (2016). FAOSTAT. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from http://www.fao.org/statistics/en.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Gambino, G., Bondaz, J. &amp; Gribaudo, I. (2006). Detection and elimination of viruses in callus, somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets of grapevine. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 114, 397-404.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Grimova, L., Winkowska, L., Zíka, L. &amp; Rysanek, P. (2016). Distribution of viruses in old commercial and abandoned orchards and wild apple trees. Journal of Plant Pathology, 98, 549-554.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Hadidi, A. &amp; Barba, M. (2011). Economic impact of pome and stone fruit viruses and viroids. Virus and Virus Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits, 1(8), 1-7.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Hosokawa, M. (2008). Leaf primordia-free shoot apical meristem culture: a new method for production of viroid-free Plants. The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 77, 341-349.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Hu, G.J., Hong, N., Wang, L.P., Hu, H.J. &amp; Wang, G.P. (2012). Efficacy of virus elimination from in vitro cultured sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) by chemotherapy combined with thermotherapy. Crop Protection, 37, 20-25.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Hu, G., Dong, Y., Zhang, Z., Fan, X., Ren, F. &amp; Zhou, J. (2015). Virus elimination from in vitro apple by thermotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 121, 435-443.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Kazemi, N., Zaree, N.F., Habashi, A.A. &amp; Asadi, W. (2019). Molecular assessment of chemotherapy and meristem culture efficiency for production of seven cultivars of virus-free Pear (Pyrus communis L.). Journal of crops improvement, 21(1): 107-118. (In Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Knapp, E., Hanzer, V., Weiss, H., da Caˆmara Machado, A., da Clmara Machado, A., Weiss, B., Wang, Q., Katinger, H. &amp; Laimer da Clmara Machado, M. (1995). New aspects of virus elimination in fruit trees. Acta Horticulturae, 386, 409-418.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Komorowska, B., Malinowski, T. &amp; Michalczuk, L. (2010). Evaluation of several RT-PCR primer pairs for the detection of Apple stem pitting virus. Journal of Virological Methods, 168, 242-247.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Koubouris, G.C., Maliogka, V.I., Efthimiou, K., Katis, N.I. &amp; Vasilakakis, M.D. (2007). Elimination of Plum pox virus through in vitro thermotherapy and shoot tip culture compared to conventional heat treatment in apricot cultivar Bebecou. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 73, 370-373.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Magome, H., Yoshikawa, N., Takahashi, T., Ito, T. &amp; Miyakawa, T. (1997). Molecular variability of the genomes of capilloviruses from apple, Japanese pear, European pear, and citrus trees. Phytopathology, 87, 389-396.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Magome, H., Yoshikawa, N. &amp; Takahashi, T. (1999). Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of apple stem grooving capillovirus sequence variants. Phytopathology, 89, 136-140.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Manganaris, G.A., Economou, A.S., Boubourakas, I.N. &amp; Katis, N.I. (2003). Elimination of PPV and PNRSV through thermotherapy and meristem-tip culture in nectarine. Plant Cell Reports, 22, 195-200.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Mathioudakis, M.M., Maliogka, V.I., Dovas, C.I., Paunovi´c, S. &amp; Katis, N.I. (2008). Reliable RT-PCR detection of Apple stem pitting virus in pome fruits and its association with quince fruit deformation disease. Plant Pathology, 58, 228-236.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Masoomi-Aladizgeh, F., Jabbari, L., Khayam Nekouei R. &amp; Aalami A. (2016). A simple and rapid system for DNA and RNA isolation from diverse plants using handmade kit. Nature, Protocol Exchange site.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Meijneke, C.A.R., Van Oosten, H.J., &amp; Peerboom, H. (1973). Growth, yield, and fruit quality of virus-infected and virus-free Golden Delicious apple trees. Acta Horticulturae, 44, 209-212.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Menzel, W., Jelkmann, W. &amp; Maiss, E. (2002). Detection of four apple viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assays with coamplification of plant mRNA as internal control. Journal of Virological Methods, 99, 81-92.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Murashige, T. &amp; Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15, 473-497.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Panattoni, A., Luvisi, A. &amp; Triolo, E. (2013). Elimination of viruses in plants: twenty years of progress. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 11, 173-188.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Paprstein, F., Sedlak, J., Polak, J., Svobodova, L., Hassan, M. &amp; Bryxiova, M. (2008). Results of in vitro thermotherapy of apple cultivars. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture, 94, 347-352.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Paprstein, F., Sedlak, J., Svobodova, L., Polak, J. &amp; Gadiou, S. (2013). Results of in vitro chemotherapy of apple cv. Fragrance. Horticultural Science (Prague), 40, 186-190.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Posnette, A.F., Cropley, R. &amp; Ellemberger, C. (1963). The effect of virus infection on the growth and crop of apple, pear and plum trees. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2, 158-161.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Prokhnevsky, A.I., Peremyslov, V.V., Napuli, A.J. &amp; Dolja, V.V. (2002). Interaction between long-distance transport factor and Hsp70- related movement protein of Beet yellows virus. Virology, 76, 11003-11011.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Quoirin, M. &amp; Lepoivre, P.H. (1977). Improved media for in vitro culture of Prunus sp. In: Symposium on Tissue Culture for Horticultural Purposes, Sept., Gent, Belgium, 78, pp. 437-442. </element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Rana, T., Chandel, l.V., Kumar, Y., Ram, R., Hallan, V. &amp; Zaidi, A.A., (2010). Molecular variability analyses of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus capsid protein. BioScience, 35, 605-615.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Retheesh, S.T. &amp; Bhat, A.I., (2010). Simultaneous elimination of Cucumber mosaic virus and Cymbidium mosaic virus infecting Vanilla planifolia through meristem culture. Crop Protection, 29, 1214-1217.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Sareila, O., Hohkuri, M., Wahlroos, T. &amp; Susi, P. (2004). Role of viral movement and coat proteins and RNA in phloem-dependent movement and phloem unloading of tobamoviruses. Phytopathology, 152, 622-629.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Sharma, S., Singh, B., Rani, G., Zaidi, A.A., Hallan, V., Nagpal, A. &amp; Virk, G.S. (2007). Production of Indian citrus ringspot virus-free plants of Kinnow employing chemotherapy coupled with shoot tip grafting. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 1, 1-8.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Shim, H.K., Min, Y.J., Hong, S.Y., Kwon, M.S., Kim, H.R., Choi, Y.M., Lee, S.C. &amp; Yang, J.M. (2004). Nucleotide sequences of a Korean isolate of Apple stem grooving virus associated with black necrotic leaf spot disease on pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). Molecular Cell Biology, 18, 192-199.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Sun, Q., Sun, H. &amp; Bell, R.L. (2009). Effect of polyvinyl alcohol on in vitro rooting capacity of shoots in pear clones (Pyrus communis L.) of different ploidy. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture, 99, 299-304.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Tan, R.R., Wang, L.P., Hong, N. &amp; Wang, G.P. (2010). Enhanced efficiency of virus eradication following thermotherapy of shoot-tip cultures of pear. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Culture, 101, 229-235.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Tatineni, S., Afunian, M.R., Hilf, M.E., Gowda, S., Dawson, W.O. &amp; Garnsey, S.M. (2009). Molecular characterization of Citrus tatter leaf virus historically associated with Meyer lemon trees: complete genome sequence and development of biologically active in vitro transcripts. American Phytopathological Society, 99, 423-431.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Valero, M., Ibanez, A. &amp; Morte, A. (2003). Effects of high vine yard temperatures on the Grapevine leaf roll associated virus elimination from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Napoleon tissue cultures. Scientia Horticulturae, 97, 289-296. </element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Verma, N., Ram, R. &amp; Zaidi, A.A. (2005). In vitro production of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus-free begonias through chemo- and thermotherapy. Scientia Horticulturae, 103, 239-247.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, L.P., Wang, G.P., Hong, N., Tan, R.R., Deng, X.Y. &amp; Zhang, H. (2006). Effect of thermotherapy on elimination of Apple stem grooving virus and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus for in vitro cultured pear shoot tips. Horticultural Science, 41, 729-732.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, Q.C. &amp; Valkonen, J.P.T. (2008). Elimination of two viruses which interact synergistically from sweet potato by shoot tip culture and cryotherapy. Journal of Virological Methods, 154, 135-145.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, L.P., Hong, N., Matic, S., Myrta, A., Song, Y.S., Michelutti, R. &amp; Wang, G.P. (2011). Pome fruit viruses at the Canadian clonal genebank and molecular characterization of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus isolates. Scientia Horticulturae, 130, 665-671.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Yaegashi, H., Isogai, M., Tajima, H., Sano, T. &amp; Yoshikawa, N. (2007). Combinations of two amino acids (Ala40 and Phe75 or Ser40 and Tyr75) in the coat protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus are crucial for infectivity. Journal of General Virology, 88, 2611-2618. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>
<article article-type="مقاله پژوهشی" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
			  <front>
			    <journal-meta>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="pmc"></journal-id>
			      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</journal-id>
			    	<journal-title-group>
				      <journal-title>علوم باغبانی ایران</journal-title>
			    	</journal-title-group>
			      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-482X</issn>
			      <publisher>
			        <publisher-name>پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران</publisher-name>
			      </publisher>
			    </journal-meta>
			    <article-meta>
 			      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92</article-id>
			      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22059/ijhs.2018.251946.1397</article-id>		
			      <ext-link xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76834_66001635794791d856cb94cff982076a.pdf"/>		
			      <article-categories>
			        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
			          		<subject>مقاله پژوهشی</subject>
			        	</subj-group>
			      </article-categories>
			      <title-group>
			        <article-title>تأثیر ترکیبات گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید، هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید بر برخی از پاسخ‌های ‏مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و ویژگی آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه پروانش ‏Catharanthus roseus L. (G.DON).‎‏ ‏</article-title>
			        
			      </title-group>
			      
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c1">
			          <name>
			            <surname>بیانلو</surname>
			            <given-names>الهه</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی و اصلاح گل و گیاه زینتی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c2" corresp="yes">
			          <name>
			            <surname>اعلایی</surname>
			            <given-names>میترا</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			       <contrib-group>
			       <contrib contrib-type="author" id="c3">
			          <name>
			            <surname>ثانی خانی</surname>
			            <given-names>محسن</given-names>
			          </name>
					  <aff>استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان</aff>
			        </contrib>
			       </contrib-group>
			      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
			        <day>20</day>
			        <month>02</month>
			        <year>2020</year>
			      </pub-date>
			      <volume>50</volume>
			      <issue>4</issue>
			      <fpage>993</fpage>
			      <lpage>1008</lpage>
			      <history>
			        <date date-type="received">
			          <day>06</day>
			          <month>02</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			        <date date-type="accepted">
			          <day>12</day>
			          <month>10</month>
			          <year>2018</year>
			        </date>
			      </history>
			      <permissions>
			      	<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x000a9; 2020, پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. </copyright-statement>	
			        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
			      </permissions>
			       <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76834.html">https://ijhs.ut.ac.ir/article_76834.html</self-uri> 		
			      <abstract>
			        <p>گیاه پروانش (Catharantus roseus L.) از تیره Apocynaceae جزو گیاهان بسیار ارزشمند زینتی- دارویی می­باشد. به­منظور مطالعه اثر گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید، هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید بر برخی از ویژگی­های گیاه پروانش، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید (5/0، 75/0و 1 میلی­مولار)، هیومیک اسید (50، 100و 150 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) و سالیسیلیک اسید (5/0، 1 و 2 میلی­مولار) بودند. همچنین گیاهان شاهد با آب مقطر تیمار شدند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه و تعداد برگ در غلظت 5/0­ میلی­مولار گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید به‏‌‏دست آمد که تفاوت معنی­داری با تیمار شاهد داشت. کمترینتعداد روز تا گلدهی مربوط به تیمار 5/0 میلی­مولار سالیسیلیک اسید بود. کاربرد برگی تیمار دو میلی­مولار سالیسیلیک اسید تأثیر قابل توجهی در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر شاخص­های ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، میزان فنل و فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و کاتالاز داشت. همچنین غلظت 150 میلی­گرم بر لیتر هیومیک اسید موجب افزایش معنی­دار صفات ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، روز تا گلدهی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز و کاتالاز نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. در بین تیمارها، غلظت 50 میلی­ گرم بر لیتر هیومیک اسید بیشترین تأثیر را بر مقدار فلاونوئید داشت. همچنین بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در تیمار دو میلی­مولار سالیسیلیک اسید و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز در تیمارهای یک میلی­مولار گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید و دو میلی­مولار سالیسیلیک اسید مشاهده شد. بنابراین استفاده از گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید، هیومیک اسید و سالیسیلیک اسید توانست موجب بهبود عملکرد و شاخص­های فیزیولوژیکی در گیاه پروانش گردد.</p>
			      </abstract>
					<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
						<kwd>شاخص‌های رشد</kwd>
						<kwd>فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی</kwd>
						<kwd>فلاونوئید</kwd>
						<kwd>فنل‏</kwd>
					</kwd-group>
			    </article-meta>
			  </front>
<back>
	<ref-list>
		<ref id="R1">
			<label>1</label>
			<element-citation>Alaey, M., Babalar, M., Naderi, R. &amp; Kafi, M. (2011). Effect of pre-and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 61(1), 91-94.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R2">
			<label>2</label>
			<element-citation>Aghdam, M. S., Naderi, R., Sarcheshmeh, M. A. A. &amp; Babalar, M. (2015). Amelioration of postharvest chilling injury in anthurium cut flowers by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 110, 70-76.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R3">
			<label>3</label>
			<element-citation>Aghdam, M. S., Naderi, R., Jannatizadeh, A., Sarcheshmeh, M. A. A. &amp; Babalar, M. (2016). Enhancement of postharvest chilling tolerance of anthurium cut flowers by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatments. Scientia Horticulturae, 198, 52-60.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R4">
			<label>4</label>
			<element-citation>Aghdam, M. S., Razavi, F. &amp; Karamneghad, F. (2016). Maintaining the postharvest nutritional quality of peach fruits by γ-aminobutyric acid. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5(4).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R5">
			<label>5</label>
			<element-citation>Aghdam, M. S. &amp; Fard, J. R. (2017). Melatonin treatment attenuates postharvest decay and maintains nutritional quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria× anannasa cv. Selva) by enhancing GABA shunt activity. Food Chemistry, 221, 1650-1657.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R6">
			<label>6</label>
			<element-citation>Ali, M. B., Khatun, S., Hahn, E. J. &amp; Paek, K. Y. (2006). Enhancement of phenylpropanoid enzymes and lignin in Phalaenopsis orchid and their influence on plant acclimatisation at different levels of photosynthetic photon flux. Plant Growth Regulation, 49(2-3), 137-146.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R7">
			<label>7</label>
			<element-citation>Abreu, M.E. &amp; Munné-Bosch, S. (2008). Salicylic acid may be involved in the regulation of drought-induced leaf senescence in perennials: a case study in field-grown Salvia officinalis L. plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 64(2), 105-112.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R8">
			<label>8</label>
			<element-citation>Aiyafar, S., Minab Poudineh, H. &amp; Forouzandeh, M. (2015). Effect of Humic Acid on Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics and Essential Oil of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under Water Deficit Stress. Journal of Science, 4(2), 2277-5641.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R9">
			<label>9</label>
			<element-citation>Agarwal, S., Sairam, K. R., Srivastava, Aruna, G. C. T. &amp;Meena, C. R. (2005). Role of ABA, Salicylic acid, calcium and hydrogen peroxide on antioxidant enzyme induction in wheat seedlings. Journal Plant Sciences, 169, Pp. 559-570.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R10">
			<label>10</label>
			<element-citation>Aiken, G. R., McKnight, D. M., Wershaw, R. L. &amp; MacCarthy, P. (1985). Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation and characterization. John Wiley &amp; Sons.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R11">
			<label>11</label>
			<element-citation>Alaey, M., Babalar, M., Naderi, R. &amp; Kafi, M. (2011). Effect of pre-and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 61(1), 91-94.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R12">
			<label>12</label>
			<element-citation>Allahverdizadeh, N. &amp; Nazarideljou, M. (2013). Effect of humic acid on morphological indices, nutrient uptake and survival time after flower harvest (Calendula officinalis cv. Crysantha) in hydroponic system. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 5(2), 133-143. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R13">
			<label>13</label>
			<element-citation>Arancon, N. Q., Lee, S., Edwards, C. A. &amp; Atiyeh, R. (2003). Effects of humic acids derived from cattle, food and paper-waste vermicomposts on growth of greenhouse plants. Pedobiologia, 47(5-6), 741-744.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R14">
			<label>14</label>
			<element-citation>Arora, A., Sairam R. K. &amp; Srivastave, G. C. (2002).Oxidayive stress and antioxidative system in plants.Current Science, 82 (10), 1227-1238.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R15">
			<label>15</label>
			<element-citation>Ashrafuzzaman, M., Razi Ismail, M., Abdullah IbnaFazal, K. M., Uddin, M. K. &amp; Prodhan A. K. M. A. (2010).  Effect of GABA Application on the Growth and Yield of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia). International Journal of Agriculture &amp; Biology, 12(1), 129-132.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R16">
			<label>16</label>
			<element-citation>Atiyeh, R. M., Lee, S., Edwards, C. A., Arancon, N. Q. &amp; Metzger, J. D. (2002). The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Technology, 84(1), 7-14.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R17">
			<label>17</label>
			<element-citation>Bahrami, S., Soleimani, A. &amp; Habibi, F. (2015). The effect of humic acid on the mineral composition leaves, yield and fruit quality apple variety 'Granny Smith' (Malus domestica L. cv. Granny Smith). Journal of Crops, 17(2), 529-517. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R18">
			<label>18</label>
			<element-citation>Barbosa, J., Singh, N., Cherry, J. &amp; Locy, R. (2010). Nitrate uptake and utilization is modulated by exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48, 443-450.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R19">
			<label>19</label>
			<element-citation>Buchanan‐Wollaston, V., Earl, S., Harrison, E., Mathas, E., Navabpour, S., Page, T. &amp; Pink, D. (2003). The molecular analysis of leaf senescence–a genomics approach. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 1(1), 3-22.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R20">
			<label>20</label>
			<element-citation>Bouché, N., Lacombe, B. &amp; Fromm, H. (2003). GABA signaling: a conserved and ubiquitous mechanism. Trends in Cell Biology, 13(12), 607-610.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R21">
			<label>21</label>
			<element-citation>Bouche, N. &amp; Fromm, H. (2004). GABA in plants: just a metabolite?. Trends in Plant Science, 9(3), 110-115.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R22">
			<label>22</label>
			<element-citation>Bown, A. W. &amp; Shelp, B. J. (1997). The metabolism and functions of [gamma]-aminobutyric acid. Plant Physiology, 115(1), 1.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R23">
			<label>23</label>
			<element-citation>Bown, A., Hall, D. &amp; MacGregor, K. (2002). Insect footsteps on leaves stimulate the accumulation of 4-aminobutyrate and can be visualized through increased chlorophyll fluorescence and superoxide production. Plant Physiology, 129, 1430-1434.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R24">
			<label>24</label>
			<element-citation>Carvajal, F., Palma, F., Jamilena, M. &amp; Garrido, D. (2015). Preconditioning treatment induces chilling tolerance in zucchini fruit improving different physiological mechanisms against cold injury. Annals of Applied Biology, 166(2), 340-354.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R25">
			<label>25</label>
			<element-citation>Castilla, N. &amp; Lopez-Galvez, J. (1994). Vegetable crop responses in improved low-cost plastic greenhouses. Journal of Horticultural Science, 69(5), 915-921.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R26">
			<label>26</label>
			<element-citation>Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. &amp; Chern, J. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal Food Drug Analaysis, 10, 178-182.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R27">
			<label>27</label>
			<element-citation>Chen, Y., De Nobili, M. &amp; Aviad, T. (2004). Stimulatory effect of humic substances on plant growth. Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture, 103-130.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R28">
			<label>28</label>
			<element-citation>Chen, J.Y., Wen, P.F., Kong, W.F., Pan, Q.H., Zhan, J.C., Li, J.M., Wan, S.B. &amp; Huang, W.D. (2006). Effect of salicylic acid on phenylpropanoids and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in harvested grape berries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40(1), 64-72.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R29">
			<label>29</label>
			<element-citation>Chen, J., Zhu, C., Li, L. P., Sun, Z. Y. &amp; Pan, X. B. (2007). Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19(1), 44-49.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R30">
			<label>30</label>
			<element-citation>Cheng, S. Y., Xu, F. &amp; Wang, Y. (2009). Advances in the study of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(13), 1248-1252.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R31">
			<label>31</label>
			<element-citation>Dat, J., Vandenabeele, S., Vranová, E., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D. &amp; Van Breusegem, F. (2000). Dual action of the active oxygen species during plant stress responses. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 57(5), 779-795.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R32">
			<label>32</label>
			<element-citation>Deewatthanawong, R., Rowell, P. &amp; Watkins, C. (2010). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in CO2 treated tomatoes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 57, 97-105.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R33">
			<label>33</label>
			<element-citation>Ding, C. K., Wang, C. Y., Gross, K. C. &amp; Smith, D. L. (2001). Reduction of chilling injury and transcript accumulation of heat shock proteins in tomato fruit by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. Plant Science, 161(6), 1153-1159.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R34">
			<label>34</label>
			<element-citation>Dixon, R. A. &amp; Paiva, N. L. (1995). Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. The Plant Cell, 7(7), 1085.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R35">
			<label>35</label>
			<element-citation>Fait, A., Fromm, H., Walter, D., Galili, G. &amp; Fernie, A. R. (2008). Highway or byway: the metabolic role of the GABA shunt in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 13(1), 14-19.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R36">
			<label>36</label>
			<element-citation>Gharib, F. A. (2006). Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram. International Journal Agriculture Biology, 4, 485-492.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R37">
			<label>37</label>
			<element-citation>Galal, A. (2012). Improving effect of salicylic acid on the multipurpose tree Ziziphusspina-christi (L.) Willd Tissue Culture. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(7), 947-952.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R38">
			<label>38</label>
			<element-citation>Ghamsari, L., Keyhani, E. &amp; Golkhoo, S. (2007). Kinetics properties of guaiacol peroxidase activity in Crocus sativus L. corm during rooting. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 1, 137-146. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R39">
			<label>39</label>
			<element-citation>Guleria, S., Sohal, B. S. &amp; Mann, A. P. S. (2005). Salicylic acid treatment and/or Erysiphe polygoni inoculation on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase content and accumulation of phenolics in pea leaves. Journal of Vegetable Science, 11(2), 71-79.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R40">
			<label>40</label>
			<element-citation>Gunes, A., Inal, A., Alpaslan, M., Eraslan, F., Bagci, E.G. &amp; Cicek, N. (2007). Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(6), 728-736.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R41">
			<label>41</label>
			<element-citation>Hatamzadeh, A., Hatami, M. &amp; Ghasemnezhad, M. (2012). Efficiency of salicylic acid delay petal senescence and extended quality of cut spikes of Gladiolus grandiflora cv wings sensation. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(4), 540-545.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R42">
			<label>42</label>
			<element-citation>Hayat, A. &amp; Ahmad, T. (2007). Salicylic acid a plant hormone, salicylic acid: biosynthesis, metaboilism and physiological role in plant. Journal Scientia Horticulturae, 110, 97–98. (In Farsi).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R43">
			<label>43</label>
			<element-citation>Hassan, F. A. S. &amp; Ali, E. F. (2014). Protective effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and salicylic acid on senescence regulation of gladiolus cut spikes. Scientia Horticulturae, 179, 146-152.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R44">
			<label>44</label>
			<element-citation>Hayat, Q., Hayat, Sh., Irfan, M. &amp; Ahmad. A. (2010). Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under changing enveironment. A review. Enviromental and Experimental Botany, 68, 14-25. (in Farsi).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R45">
			<label>45</label>
			<element-citation>Jabbarzadeh, Z., Khosh-Khui, M. &amp; Salehi, H. (2009). The effect of foliar-applied salicylic acid on flowering of African violet. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 4693-4696.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R46">
			<label>46</label>
			<element-citation>Kabiri, R., Farahbakhsh, H. &amp; Nasibi, F. (2012). Salicylic acid ameliorates the effectsof oxidative stress induced by water deficit inhydroponic culture of Nigella sativa. Journalof Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 12(11), 1420-1425. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R47">
			<label>47</label>
			<element-citation>Kalidass, C., Ramasamy Mohan, V. &amp; Daniel, A. (2010). Effect of auxin and cytokinin on vincristine production by callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus L. (apocynaceae). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 12(2).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R48">
			<label>48</label>
			<element-citation>Kamali, M., Kharazi, S. M., Selahvarzi, Y. &amp; Tehranifar, M. (2013). Effect Salicylic asid on growth and some morpho-physiological traits of Gompherna globosa L. under salt stress.  Journal of Horticulture Science (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 26(1), 104-112. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R49">
			<label>49</label>
			<element-citation>Kathiresan, A., Tung, P., Chinnappa, C.C. &amp; Reid, D.M. (1997). ϒ-aminobutyric acid Stimulates Ethylene Biosynthesis in Sunflower. Plant physiology, 115(1), 129-135.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R50">
			<label>50</label>
			<element-citation>Khaligi, A. (2008). Iranian Ornamental Plants. Roozbahan publication. Tehran. 140. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R51">
			<label>51</label>
			<element-citation>Kinnersley, A.M. &amp; Turano, F.J. (2000). Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and plant responses to stress. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 19(6), 479-509.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R52">
			<label>52</label>
			<element-citation>Koushesh Saba, M., Arzani, K. &amp; Barzegar, M. (2012). Postharvest polyamine application alleviates chilling injury and affects apricot storage ability. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(36), 8947-8953.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R53">
			<label>53</label>
			<element-citation>Kováčik, J., Bačkor, M. &amp; Kadukova, J. (2008). Physiological responses of Matricaria chamomilla to cadmium and copper excess. Environmental Toxicology, 23(1), 123-130.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R54">
			<label>54</label>
			<element-citation>Kováčik, J., Grúz, J., Bačkor, M., Strnad, M. &amp; Repčák, M. (2009). Salicylic acid-induced changes to growth and phenolic metabolism in Matricaria chamomilla plants. Plant Cell Reports, 28(1), 135.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R55">
			<label>55</label>
			<element-citation>Kumar, D., Mishra, D. S., Chakraborty, B. &amp; Kumar, P. (2013). Pericarp browning and quality management of litchi fruit by antioxidants and salicylic acid during ambient storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(4), 797-802.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R56">
			<label>56</label>
			<element-citation>Kurepin, L. V., Ivanov, A. G., Zaman, M., Pharis, R. P., Allakhverdiev, S. I., Hurry, V. &amp; Hüner, N. P. (2015). Stress-related hormones and glycinebetaine interplay in protection of photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions. Photosynthesis Research, 126(2-3), 221-235.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R57">
			<label>57</label>
			<element-citation>Li, W., Liu, J., Ashraf, U., Li, G., Li, Y., Lu, W., Gao, L., Han, F. &amp; Hu, J. (2016) Exogenous γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Application Improved Early Growth, Net Photosynthesis, and Associated Physio-Biochemical Events in Maize. Front. Plant Science, 7,919.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R58">
			<label>58</label>
			<element-citation>Liu, J., Tong, L. P., Shen, T. W., Li, J., Wu, L. &amp; Yu, Z. L. (2007). Impact of ion implantation on licorice (Glycyrrhize uralensis Fisch) growth and antioxidant activity under drought stress. Plasma Science and Technology, 9 (3), 301-306.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R59">
			<label>59</label>
			<element-citation>Luo, H. Y., Gao, H. B., Xia, Q. P., Gong, B. B. &amp; Xiao-Lei ,W. U. (2011). Effects of exogenous GABA on reactive oxygen species metabolism and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in tomato under NaCl stress. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 34, 37-544.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R60">
			<label>60</label>
			<element-citation>Maleki, M. S. &amp; Ehsanpour, A. A. (2018). Effect of salicylic acid on total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and PAL and TAL enzymes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) plants. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 9(4), 55-67.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R61">
			<label>61</label>
			<element-citation>Mardani, H., Bayat, H. &amp; Azizi, M. (2011). Effects of salicylic acid application on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber Seedling (Cucumis sativus cv. super dominus) under drought stress. Journal of Horticulture Science (Agricultural Sciences and Technology), 25(3), 320-326. (in Farsi with English abstract)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R62">
			<label>62</label>
			<element-citation>Martin-Mex, R., Villanueva-Couoh, E., Herrera-Campos, T. &amp; Larque-Saavedra, A. (2005). Positive effect of salicylates on the flowering of African violet. Scientia Horticulturae, 103(4), 499-502.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R63">
			<label>63</label>
			<element-citation>Masclaux‐Daubresse, C., Valadier, M.H., Carrayol, E., Reisdorf‐Cren, M. &amp; Hirel, B. (2002). Diurnal changes in the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase are involved in the C/N balance of tobacco source leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25(11), 1451-1462.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R64">
			<label>64</label>
			<element-citation>Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J. &amp; Nacoulma, O.G. (2005). Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and proline contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their radical scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 91(3), 571-577.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R65">
			<label>65</label>
			<element-citation>Mirzaei Mashhoud, M., Aelaei, M. &amp; Mortazavi, S. N. (2015). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment improved postharvest indices and vase-life of'Red Naomi'rose cut flowers. In: III International Conference on Quality Management in Supply Chains of Ornamentals, (May, 2015).1131 (pp. 33-40).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R66">
			<label>66</label>
			<element-citation>Miyashita, Y. &amp; Good, A. G. (2008). Contribution of the GABA shunt to hypoxia-induced alanine accumulation in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology, 49(1), 92-102.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R67">
			<label>67</label>
			<element-citation>Barzegar, T., Moradi, P., Hasanzadeh, Z., Ghahremani., Z. &amp; Nikbakht., J. (2018). Evaluation of Growth, Yield and Vitamin C Content of Okra with Application of Putrescine and Humic Acid Under Deficit Irrigation Stress. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28(1), (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R68">
			<label>68</label>
			<element-citation>Muscolo, A., Sidari, M. &amp; Nardi, S. (2013). Humic substance: relationship between structure and activity. Deeper information suggests univocal findings. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 129, 57-63.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R69">
			<label>69</label>
			<element-citation>Mutlu, S., Atici, Ö. &amp; Nalbantoglu, B. (2009). Effects of salicylic acid and salinity on apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Biologia Plantarum, 53(2), 334-338.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R70">
			<label>70</label>
			<element-citation>Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Reniero, F. &amp; Rascio, N. (2000). Chemical and biochemical properties of humic substances isolated from forest soils and plant growth. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 22(1), 112-117.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R71">
			<label>71</label>
			<element-citation>Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. &amp; Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34(11), 1527-1536.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R72">
			<label>72</label>
			<element-citation>Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M., Babalar, M., Xia, Y. P., Luo, A. &amp; Etemadi, N. A. (2008). Effect of humic acid on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and postharvest life of gerbera. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31(12), 2155-2167.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R73">
			<label>73</label>
			<element-citation>Omidbeigi, R. (2010). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Ed2. Astane Ghodse Razavi, Mashad, 347. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R74">
			<label>74</label>
			<element-citation>Pacheco, A.C., Cabral, C., Fermino, E.S. &amp; Aleman, C.C. (2013). Salicylic acid induced changes to growth, flowering and flavonoids production in marigold plants. Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Reserch, 1(1), 95-100.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R75">
			<label>75</label>
			<element-citation>Padem, H., Ocal A. &amp; Alan, R. (1999). Effect of humic acid added foliar fertilizer on quality and nutrient content of eggplant and pepper seedlings. ISHS Acta Horticultural, 491, 241-246.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R76">
			<label>76</label>
			<element-citation>Palma, F., Carvajal, F., Ramos, J. M., Jamilena, M. &amp; Garrido, D. (2015). Effect of putrescine application on maintenance of zucchini fruit quality during cold storage: Contribution of GABA shunt and other related nitrogen metabolites. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 99, 131-140.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R77">
			<label>77</label>
			<element-citation>Pérez-Balibrea, S., Moreno, D. A. &amp; García-Viguera, C. (2011). Improving the phytochemical composition of broccoli sprouts by elicitation. Food Chemistry, 129(1), 35-44.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R78">
			<label>78</label>
			<element-citation>Pettit, R. E. (2004). Organic matter, humus, humate, humic acid, fulvic acid and humin: Their importance in soil fertility and plant health. CTI Research, 1-17.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R79">
			<label>79</label>
			<element-citation>Pietrosiuk, A., Furmanowa, M. &amp; Łata, B. (2007). Catharanthus roseus: micropropagation and in vitro techniques. Phytochemistry Reviews, 6(2-3), 459-473.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R80">
			<label>80</label>
			<element-citation>Popova, L., Pancheva, T. &amp; Uzunova, A. (1997). Salicylic acid: properties, biosynthesis and physiological role. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23(1-2), 85-93.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R81">
			<label>81</label>
			<element-citation>Raad, M. T., Balaket, A. &amp; Mohson Salman, A. (2014). Effect of humic acid and water quality on peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity in leaves of data palms c.v barhee. Global Journal of Bio- Science and Biotechnology,3(4), 402-405.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R82">
			<label>82</label>
			<element-citation>Raskin, I. (1992). Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 43(1), 439-463.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R83">
			<label>83</label>
			<element-citation>Rajeshwari, V. &amp; Bhuvaneshwari, V. (2017). Enhancing Salinity Tolerance in Brinjal Plants by Application of Salicylic Acid. Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(1), 46-51.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R84">
			<label>84</label>
			<element-citation>Rai, K. K., Rai, N. &amp; Rai, S. P. (2018). Salicylic acid and nitric oxide alleviate high temperature induced oxidative damage in Lablab purpureus L plants by regulating bio-physical processes and DNA methylation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 128, 72-88.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R85">
			<label>85</label>
			<element-citation>Rice-Evans, C. A., Miller, N. J. &amp; Paganga, G. (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20(7), 933-956.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R86">
			<label>86</label>
			<element-citation>Rothan, C., Duret, S., Chevalier, C. &amp; Raymond, P. (1997). Suppression of ripening-associated gene expression in tomato fruits subjected to a high CO2 concentration. Plant physiology, 114(1), 255-263.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R87">
			<label>87</label>
			<element-citation>Rubio, V., Bustos, R., Irigoyen, M. L., Cardona-Lopez, X., Rojas-Triana, M. &amp; Paz-Ares, J. (2009). Plant hormones and nutrient signaling.Plant Molecular Biolojy, 69(4), 361-73.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R88">
			<label>88</label>
			<element-citation>Sabzevari, S. &amp; Khazaei, H. R. (2009). Effect of foliar application of humic acid on growth and yiel properties of Triticumaestivum L. Cv. Pishtaz. Agroecology Journal, 1(2), 53-63.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R89">
			<label>89</label>
			<element-citation>Saeed, T., Hassan, I., Abbasi, N. A. &amp; Jilani, G. (2016). Antioxidative activities and qualitative changes in gladiolus cut flowers in response to salicylic acid application. Scientia Horticulturae, 210, 236-241.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R90">
			<label>90</label>
			<element-citation>Samavat, S. &amp; Malakuti, M. J. (2004). The need to use organic acids (humic and fluvianum) in the quantitative and qualitative increase of agricultural product. Technical Journal of Soil and Water Research Institute, 1-13, 345. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R91">
			<label>91</label>
			<element-citation>Samsuzzaman, M. (2004). Effect of NAA and GABA on growth and yield contributing characters of groundnut (Doctoral dissertation). M.Sc. thesis, Dept. Crop Bot., Bangladesh Agriculture. University of Mymensingh, Bangladesh).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R92">
			<label>92</label>
			<element-citation>Senn, T.L. &amp; Kingman, A.R. (1973). A review of humus and humic acids. Research Series Report, (145).</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R93">
			<label>93</label>
			<element-citation>Seo, S., Ishizuka, K. &amp; Ohashi, Y. (1995). Induction of salicylic acid β-glucosidase in tobacco leaves by exogenous salicylic acid. Plant and Cell Physiology, 36(3), 447-453.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R94">
			<label>94</label>
			<element-citation>Seyed Hajizadeh, H. &amp; Aliloo, A. A. (2013). The effectiveness of per-harvest salicylic acid application on physiological traits in Lilium (Lilium longiflorum L.) cut flower. International Journal Science Environment, 1(12), 344-350. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R95">
			<label>95</label>
			<element-citation>Shan, T., Jin, P., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, X. &amp; Zheng, Y. (2016). Exogenous glycine betaine treatment enhances chilling tolerance of peach fruit during cold storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 114, 104-110.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R96">
			<label>96</label>
			<element-citation>Shang, L., Dong, S. &amp; Nienhaus, G.U. (2011). Ultra-small fluorescent metal nanoclusters: synthesis and biological applications. Nano Today, 6(4), 401-418.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R97">
			<label>97</label>
			<element-citation>Shi, S.Q., Shi, Z., Jiang, Z.P., Qi, L.W., Sun, X.M., Li, C.X., Liu, J.F., Xiao, W.F. &amp; Zhang, S.G. (2010). Effects of exogenous GABA on gene expression of Caragana intermedia roots under NaCl stress: regulatory roles for H2O2 and ethylene production. Plant, Cell and Environment, 33(2), 149-162.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R98">
			<label>98</label>
			<element-citation>Shi, Q. &amp; Zhu, Z. (2008). Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on manganese toxicity, element contents and antioxidative system in cucumber. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63(1-3), 317-326.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R99">
			<label>99</label>
			<element-citation>Tan, Y., Liang, Z., Shao, H. &amp; Du, F. (2006). Effect of water deficits on the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and osmoregulation among three different genotypes of Radix Astragali at seeding stage. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 49(1), 60-65.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R100">
			<label>100</label>
			<element-citation>Tayefi-Nasrabadi, H., Dehghan, G., Daeihassani, B., Movafegi, A. &amp; Samadi, A. (2011). Some biochemical properties of guaiacol peroxidases as modified by salt stress in leaves of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(5), 751-763.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R101">
			<label>101</label>
			<element-citation>Thaipong, K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Zevallosc, L. C. &amp; Byrne, D. H. (2006). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(6-7), 669-675.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R102">
			<label>102</label>
			<element-citation>Türkmen, Ö., Dursun, A., Turan, M. &amp; Erdinç, Ç. (2004). Calcium and humic acid affect seed germination, growth, and nutrient content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings under saline soil conditionspp. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, 7, 168-174.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R103">
			<label>103</label>
			<element-citation>Veronica, M., Eva, B., Angel-Maria, Z., Elena, A., Maria, G., Marta, F. &amp; Jose´-Maria, G. M. (2010). Action of humic acid onpromotion of cucumber shoot growth involves nitrate-related changes associated with the root-to-shoot distributionof cytokinins, polyamines and mineral nutrients. Journal of Plant Physiology, 167, 633-642.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R104">
			<label>104</label>
			<element-citation>Wang, Y., Luo, Z., Huang, X., Yang, K., Gao, S. &amp; Du, R. (2014). Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on chilling injury and antioxidant capacity in banana peel. Scientia Horticulturae, 168, 132-137.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R105">
			<label>105</label>
			<element-citation>Wendell, K. L., Wilson, L. &amp; Jordan, M. A. (1993). Mitotic block in HeLa cells by vinblastine: ultrastructural changes in kinetochore-microtubule attachment and in centrosomes. Journal of Cell Science, 104(2), 261-274.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R106">
			<label>106</label>
			<element-citation>Yin, Y. G., Tominaga, T., Iijima, Y., Aoki, K., Shibata, D., Ashihara, H., ... &amp; Matsukura, C. (2010). Metabolic alterations in organic acids and γ-aminobutyric acid in developing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits. Plant and Cell Physiology, 51(8), 1300-1314.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R107">
			<label>107</label>
			<element-citation>Zaky, M. H., El-Zeiny, O. A. H. &amp; Ahmed, M. E. (2006). Effects of humic acids on growth and productivity of bean plants grown under plastic low tunnels and open field. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 21(4), 582-596.</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R108">
			<label>108</label>
			<element-citation>Zarinkamar, F., Zaviehjak, A. A., Sharifi, M. &amp; Behmanesh, M. (2013). Effect of salicylic acid on flavonoids, apigenin, anthocyanin and carbohydrate in Matricaria chamomilla L. Journal of Plant Biology, 5(17),67-74. (in Farsi)</element-citation>
		</ref>
		<ref id="R109">
			<label>109</label>
			<element-citation>Zhang, X., Ervin, E. H. &amp; Schmidt, R. E. (2003). Physiological effects of liquid applications of a seaweed extract and a humic acid on creeping bentgrass. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(4), 492-496. _||_</element-citation>
		</ref>
	</ref-list>
		</back>
</article>